Phytochemical characterisation of Phlomis linearis Boiss. & Bal and screening for anticholinesterase,antiamylase, antimicrobial,and cytotoxic properties

In the present work, essential oil and fatty acids and extracts obtained from aerial parts of Phlomis linearis Boiss. & Bal. were investigated for chemical composition and biological activities. The phytochemical analyses were conducted with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/flame ionisation detector (GC-MS/FID) and liquid chromatography-mass spectromtetry (LC-MS/MS) techniques. The extracts and essential oil were studied for α-amylase and acetylcholinesterase activities with two different spectrophotometric methods. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts were investigated by microdilution. The extracts were evaluated in vitro for cytotoxic effects against cancer and normal cell lines by MTT assay. The essential oil (EO) contained α-pinene (12.5%) and β-caryophyllene (10.7%) as main compounds. Palmitic (26.5%) and nonadecanoic acids (26.6%) were determined as fatty acids. Phytochemical analysis of the extracts found phenolic acids, phlinosides, verbascoside, and flavonoids. The extracts and essential oil demonstrated poor α-amylase inhibitory activity. The best acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity was obtained for diethly ether extract of P. linearis (67.2 ± 3.4%) at 10 mg /mL concentration. Ethyl acetate extract found to be effective against Staphlococcus aureus at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 156.26 µg/mL. Diethyl ether extract of P. linearis was active on A549 cell lines with an IC₅₀ = 316 ± 4.16 µg/mL when compared with cisplatin IC₅₀ = 24.43 ± 0.14 µg/mL. To the best of our knowledge, the present work is the first comprehensive report on anti-acetylcholinesterase, anti-α-amylase, and antimicrobial activities, as well as cytotoxic effects of P. linearis.     

怀菊花总黄酮的提取工艺及其抗氧化活性

以新鲜怀菊花为原料,用芦丁为对照品,硝酸铝作为显色剂,正交设计优化怀菊花中总黄酮提取条件,采用超声波和水浴提取法等2种工艺提取怀菊花中总黄酮,研究单因素对总黄酮提取率的影响,确定提取总黄酮的最佳条件,同时用碘量法研究对猪油的抗氧化性作用.水浴提取怀菊花总黄酮以A1B1C3组合为最佳提取条件,提取率为109.74mg/g.超声波提取怀菊花总黄酮以A2B2C2组合为最佳提取条件,提取率为114.47mg/g.实验结果表明,超声波法提取效果优于水浴提取法,怀菊花黄酮对猪油有一定的抗氧化能力.     

苦瓜果实中盐酸小檗碱的提取工艺

以新鲜苦瓜为原料,用盐酸小檗碱为对照品,正交设计优化苦瓜中盐酸小檗碱提取条件,采用超声波和水浴提取法等2种工艺提取苦瓜中盐酸小檗碱,研究单因素对盐酸小檗碱提取率的影响,确定提取盐酸小檗碱的最佳条件.水浴提取苦瓜盐酸小檗碱以A2C1B1组合为最佳提取条件,提取率为5.1642mg/g.超声波提取苦瓜盐酸小檗碱以A3B2C2组合为最佳提取条件,提取率为6.3267mg/g.实验结果表明,超声波法提取效果优于水浴提取法.     

HPLC测定怀菊花中的总黄酮

建立了HPLC测定怀菊花中总黄酮含量的方法.采用Agilent C18柱(150mm×4.6mm,5μm),以甲醇(A)-超纯水(0.2％的冰乙酸)(B)(25∶75,V/V)为流动相,流速:0.5mL·min-1;柱温为20℃,检测波长:260nm;进样量:10μL.结果:回归方程为y=33.29x-8.284,r=0.9993(n=6),线性范围0-20μg,平均回收率为102.63％,RSD为5.56％.样品总黄酮含量为7.51mg/g.方法简便、灵敏、快速、准确、重现性好,可用于怀菊花中总黄酮含量的质量控制.     

非有机溶剂液-固萃取体系提取血红蛋白研究

用聚乙二醇(PEG8000)修饰物混合吐温80-磷酸钾盐液-固萃取体系从血液中直接提取血红蛋白,考察了PEG8000修饰物、磷酸钾盐和吐温80的浓度及酸度和温度等因素对血红蛋白分离纯化的影响.结果表明,采用该体系的一次固相萃取率大于99%,一次反萃取率达到75%.所得到的血红蛋白干粉的纯度为99%.该方法不使用有机溶剂,无毒性,对蛋白质具有稳定和保护作用,易于放大规模使用.     

勾形磁场对分离结晶法制备CdZnTe晶体的影响

为了了解勾形磁场对CdZnTe晶体生长质量的影响,利用有限元法对坩埚内的热量和动量传递过程进行了全局数值模拟。假定熔体和气相中的流动都为准稳态轴对称层流,研究了B_o(磁场轴线与晶体-坩埚界面的交点的磁场强度的轴向分量)为0 T,0.5 T,1.0 T,1.5 T,2.0 T,2.5 T,3.0 T时的CdZnTe晶体生长过程。结果表明:勾形磁场能有效抑制熔体内的流动,会产生由洛仑兹力、表面张力和浮力共同驱动的涡胞。随着磁场强度的增加,传热向导热型转变,熔体内最大流函数逐渐减小,抑制作用增强。     

Development of a validated HPLC method for the determination of four penicillin antibiotics in pharmaceuticals and human biological fluids

A quantitative method for the determination of four penicillin antibiotics, amoxicillin (AMO), oxacillin (OXA), cloxacillin (CLO), and dicloxacillin (DICLO), has been developed. Separation was achieved on an Inertsil ODS-3 (250 x 4 mm, 5 microm) column after selective extraction of penicillin drugs from biological matrices by means of SPE. Gradient elution with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% TFA (pH 1) and ACN, and PDA detection with monitoring at 240 nm was applied. Salicylic acid (5 ng/microL) was used as the internal standard. RP-8 Adsorbex Merck cartridges provided high absolute recoveries (98-101%). The developed method was fully validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, stability, and sensitivity. Repeatability (n = 8) and between-day precision (n = 8) revealed RSD <10%. Recoveries from biological samples ranged from 91 to 103%. The detection limits were estimated as 3.3 ng for AMO, OXA, and CLO, and 6.6 for DICLO in blood plasma. LOD in whole blood and urine was 6.6 ng. Injection volume was 20 microL. The method was applied to commercially available AMO containing pharmaceuticals and spiked biological matrices. The method was also applied to biological samples after AMO oral administration, where the drug was successfully identified and quantified.     

高温超导薄膜生长机理初探

在3×10×0.5mm3的LaAlO3(001)基片上,利用直流磁控溅射生长一层厚度约为700nm的非晶态Tl2Ba2CaCu2Ox先驱薄膜.将先驱薄膜与热处理过的Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3Oy块材(作为Tl源)一起在720～860℃温度下退火.为了研究薄膜的初期成核情况,退火时间一般为5分钟.利用XRD和完全抗磁性测试方法对样品的成相情况进行研究,结果显示,在薄膜生长的初期,较高的退火温度可以获得较大尺寸的初期生长核,但是退火温度达到860℃时,初期成核的晶粒尺寸变小.     

微波消解-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定四大怀药中的Fe和Zn

探讨了测定四大怀药中微量元素铁和锌的新方法.用高压密闭微波消解-火焰原子吸收法测定四大怀药——怀山药、怀菊花、怀地黄、怀牛膝等怀药中微量元素Fe和Zn的含量.铁的回归方程为y=0.0968x+0.0114,r=0.9995(n=6),线性范围0-6.4μg/mL,平均回收率91.29％-101.06％,RSD为1.334％-4.314％.样品铁含量为159.091-1535.64μg/g.锌的回归方程为y=0.4207x+0.0039,r=0.9996(n=6),线性范围0-1.2μg/mL,平均回收率93.58％-100.85％,RSD为1.145％-3.634％.样品锌含量43.571-70.357μg/g.微波消解法消解样品,具有省时、简便、经济、消解完全、污染少等特点,可用于怀药微量元素的测定.     

正交优化红枣多糖的超声波提取工艺

建立了UV-Vis分光光度测定红枣中多糖含量的方法.考察了乙醇体积、超声温度、超声时间、料液比4因素对多糖含量测定的影响.在单因素试验结果的基础上,进行正交试验设计,试验结果表明:最佳测定条件为A2B2C3D2,即超声温度为50℃,超声时间为60min,料液比为1∶30(g/mL),乙醇用量为30mL.方法平均回收率为96.87％,RSD为1.11％(n=5).该法快速、灵敏、准确,可用于红枣多糖的提取及含量测定.