Synthesis and light-emitting properties of bipolar oligofluorenes containing triarylamine and 1,2,4-triazole moieties

A facile approach for synthesis of bipolar oligofluorenes, TAZ-OF(n)-NPh, n = 2 or 3 end-capped with hole-transporting diphenylamino and electron-transporting triazole moieties by Suzuki cross-coupling as the key reaction has been developed. This novel bipolar oligofluorenes exhibited blue-emission, high thermal and morphological stabilities. The single-layer OLED based on TAZ-OF(2)-NPh exhibited superior device performance with a maximum luminance of 1128 cd m(-2) and luminance efficiency of up to 0.83 cd A(-1).     

New synthetic protocols for the preparation of unsymmetrical bisindoles

Novel unsymmetrical bisindoles were synthesized by a solvent-free C-C bond-formation reaction under mild conditions. Starting from aziridines or hydroxyl precursors, indoles have been used as C-nucleophiles to form new pharmacologically interesting bisindoles via an electrophilic aromatic substitution pathway in good to excellent yields. [reaction: see text]     

Synthesis and functional properties of end-dendronized oligo(9,9-diphenyl)fluorenes

[structure: see text] A facile approach for the synthesis of a family of dendrimers OFn-EG with hole-transporting ability moieties by copper-catalyzed Buchwald's double-amination as a key reaction has been developed. These novel dendrimers exhibit good energy transfer efficiencies and very high thermal and electrochemical stabilities and have potential applications as hole transfer and emitting layers in the field of organic emitting diodes (OLEDs) or as host materials for electrophosphorescent applications.     

Direct observation of optical precursors in a region of anomalous dispersion

We create optical precursors by propagating a step-modulated optical pulse through a linear resonant dielectric absorber. The field emerging from the dielectric consists of a several-nanosecond-long spike with near 100% transmission, which decays to a constant value expected from Beer's law. This high-transmission spike might be useful for imaging applications requiring penetrating optical radiation. We compare our observations to two different theories, revealing that the spike consists of both the Sommerfeld and Brillouin precursors.     

Constructions of quotient algebras via triangular norms

In this paper, properties of certain real-valued mappings Δ on binary systems X which satisfy versions of the triangle inequality are investigated. For example, via a quotient construction using Ker Δ = {x: Δ(x) = 0} it is shown that X/Ker Δ is a d-algebra if X is a d-algebra. In addition fuzzy versions of these triangular norms and their properties are considered as well. Finally boundedness conditions on Δ and a concept of magnitude are both introduced and some consequences are derived.     

Quantum correlations and tomographic representation

We review the probabilistic representation of quantum mechanics within which states are described by the probability distribution rather than by the wavefunction and density matrix. Uncertainty relations have been obtained in the form of integral inequalities containing measurable optical tomograms of quantum states. Formulas for the transition probabilities and purity parameter have been derived in terms of the tomographic probability distributions. Inequalities for Shannon and Rényi entropies associated with quantum tomograms have been obtained. A scheme of the star product of tomograms has been developed.     

偏光显微分析和拉曼光谱分析在彩绘颜料鉴定中的应用

彩绘文物的颜料分析在文物分析中占据重要的地位,在实际的应用中有多种手段用于颜料的分析鉴定,这些分析手段各有其优缺点,其中偏光显微分析(PLM)和拉曼光谱分析(RM)由于取样少、速度快、制样简单、灵敏度高等优点而在实际分析中广泛应用。本文通过对西藏采集的壁画颜料样品进行偏光显微分析、对四川广元千佛崖的绿色颜料样品进行拉曼光谱分析,以此来系统阐述这两种分析方法在彩绘颜料鉴定中的应用。     

Differences in the catalyst removal from single- and double-walled carbon nanotubes

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) synthesized by a catalytic chemical vapor deposition method showed partially incorporated metal catalysts inside the graphene walls. In order to remove the metal catalysts, acid and thermal treatments were successively carried out. The methods for effective catalyst removal in SWCNTs and DWCNTs were examined by means of thermogravimetric analysis, electron microscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance. The DWCNTs showed distinctly different metal catalyst removal behavior from that of SWCNTs due to the double-wall structure. The acid treatment is less efficient for catalyst removal from DWCNTs, while catalysts in SWCNTs are effectively removed by acid treatment. Additional thermal treatment is quite effective to remove metal catalysts from DWCNTs.     

Bound State of a Particle in the Dirac Delta Potential in the Tomographic-Probability Representation of Quantum Mechanics

We study the problem of a quantum particle moving in the Dirac delta potential with instant changes in the well depth using the formalism of the tomographic-probability representation of quantum mechanics. The bound-state tomogram is given in terms of the error function. We calculate the ionization probability induced by an instant change in the delta-potential parameter in terms of an integral containing the state tomograms. Also we express the probability of ionization through the Wigner function.     

Hermite Polynomial Representation of the Spin States

We construct the invertible map of the spin-state density operator onto the quasiprobability distribution of three continuous variables. We discuss the connection of this map with two-mode electromagnetic-field oscillators. We give the inversion formula for the spin-density matrix in terms of the Hermite polynomials. We examine the connection of the map constructed with the spin-tomographic representation. We consider the problem of the magnetic-moment rotation in the magnetic field in the suggested representation of spin states.