Operadic deformations as a tool for cogravity

The deformation equation and its integrability condition (Bianchi identity) of a non-(co)associative deformation in operad algebra are found. Based on physical analogies, two ideas ofcogravity equations are proposed. Presented at the 11th Colloquium “Quantum Groups and Integrable Systems”, Prague, 20–22 June 2002.     

Karl Fischer-Reagentien ohne Pyridin (7)

Zusammenfassung Unter Verwendung von Imidazol als Base wurden 6 verschiedene Solvent-Formulierungen hergestellt und erprobt. Wir fanden bei allen Formulierungen eine stöchiometrische Reaktion mit Wasser. Sie sind deshalb als KF-Reagentien geeignet. Die Reagentien ermöglichen eine sehr schnelle Titration und geben stabile Endpunkte. Sie scheinen unbeschränkt lagerfähig zu sein.

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Karl fischer reagents without pyridine (7)Two-component reagents containing imidazole

Summary Six different KF-reagents were prepared using imidazole as base component. All reagents give a stoichiometric reaction with water and can be used for the KF-titration. The reagents show a high speed of reaction and lead to stable endpoints. The shelflife seems to be unlimited.

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Teil 6: Fresenius Z Anal Chem (1982) 310:423–426     

The Chemistry of Stable Carbenes. Part 2. Benzoin-type condensations of formaldehyde catalyzed by stable carbenes

Stable carbenes derived from thiazole, 1H-imidazole, and 4H-1,2,4-triazole are efficient catalysts for benzointype condensations of formaldehyde. Catalysts derived from N-substituted thiazolium salts trimerize formaldehyde to dihydroxyacetone ( II ). Catalysts based on 1,4-disubstituted 4H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ium salts give glycolaldehyde ( I ) as the main product and no II , whereas N,N′-disubstituted 1H-imidazol-3-ium salts yield mixtures of both products. The isolation of several intermediates in the catalytic cycle provide a better insight into the reaction mechanism.