Effects of OCRA parameters and learning rate on machine scheduling

Central European Journal of Operations Research - In this paper, the effects of Occupational Repetitive Actions (OCRA) parameters, learning rate on process times, and machine scheduling were...     

Assessment of different hazard indices around coal-fired power plants in Turkey

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - This paper presents the radiological and heavy metal risk assessment to evaluate the impact of coal-fired power plants on humans and the...     

Synthesis of 2-alkylidenepyrrolidines, pyrroles, and indoles by condensation of silyl enol ethers and 1,3-bis-silyl enol ethers with 1-azido-2,2-dimethoxyethane and subsequent reductive cyclization

The condensation of 1,3-bis-silyl enol ethers with 1-azido-2,2-dimethoxyethane and subsequent reductive cyclization allowed an efficient regio- and diastereoselective synthesis of a variety of 2-alkylidene-4-methoxypyrrolidines. The thermal elimination of methanol resulted in the formation of functionalized pyrroles. Similarly, 2,3,3a,4,5,6-hexahydro-2,3-benzopyrroles were prepared and transformed into 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2,3-benzopyrroles. In contrast, treatment of 2-alkylidenepyrrolidines with trifluoroacetic acid resulted in formation of indoles by [4 + 2] cycloaddition and subsequent extrusion of a nitrogen atom.     

Solution Properties of Water-Soluble Nonionic Polymers

Abstract

Water-soluble nonionic polymers occupy a special place among synthetic polymeric materials. Most of them possess a number of unique properties allowing various industrial and medicinal applications. Such important industrial branches as coal mining, oil recovery, production of textiles, paper, lacquers, adhesives, cosmetics, and medicinal preparations cannot be conceived without these polymers. For instance, poly(acrylamide) and poly-(oxyethylene) can decrease pressure losses, increase considerably the drilling time, reduce the time of flooding underground spaces, and increase the speed of ship movement and pumping of liquids. Very important is the role of water-soluble nonionic polymers in the textile industry where they have successfully replaced expensive natural materials in the processes of cloth sizing and finishing and are used in the production of new kinds of fabrics possessing high mechanochemical characteristics. The use of these polymers is also important in medicine due to their good compatibility with water, high tendency to complex, and lack of toxicity.     

Comparison of trace metal concentrations in sediments and algae samples from the Küçükçekmece Lagoon and Marmara Sea

NAA has been applied to determine the concentration of K, As, Se, Zn, Cr, Cs, Fe, Co, Sb, Ni and Ca in sediments and a macroalgae species collected from the Küçükçekmece Lagoon and Marmara Sea. The lagoon sediment showed higher metal levels than the sea sediment. The metal contents in algae species are not changed significantly between months and sampling sites except Zn and Cr. The profile of the lagoon sediments was also investigated.     

Synthesis,characterization and control of eight process-related and two genotoxic fingolimod impurities by a validated RP-UPLC method

An HPLC method has been described in the European Pharmacopoeia and United States Pharmacopeia for the determination of nine organic impurities (imp A–I) in fingolimod hydrochloride, a synthetic sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator. The manufacturing process of fingolimod hydrochloride consists of multistep chemical synthesis wherein controls of precursors, intermediates and process steps should be performed to assure the final quality of the drug substance. We synthesized and isolated eight process-related impurities (FINI imp A–H) of fingolimod, which were different from the pharmacopoeial impurities. One unknown process-related impurity was found as a key intermediate (FINI) and was identified by LC–MS. Characterization of all of the impurities were done using spectroscopic techniques (¹H and ¹³C NMR, FTIR, MS), and the mechanistic pathways to the formation of these impurities were also discussed. Two of these impurities were evaluated as potential genotoxic impurities owing to their alerting structures and alkylating properties (alkyl sulfonates and alkyl halides, class 3, ICH M7). We also developed and validated an RP-UPLC method in line with ICH Q2 guidelines for control these impurities (FINI imp A–H) and to assure the pharmacopoeial quality drug substance.     

The São Paulo School of Advanced Sciences (ESPCA) on Recent Developments in Synchrotron Radiation

The São Paulo School of Advanced Sciences (ESPCA) on Recent Developments in Synchrotron Radiation was held July 13–24, 2015, at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS) in Campinas, Brazil. The school was attended by 96 students, 48 from Brazil and 48 from 17 different countries. A total of 27 different nationalities were represented in this 12-day school. In addition, 22 lecturers presented 34 talks.