Quantitative determination of chloride by means of flow injection analysis with spectrophotometric detection in the UV/VIS range

Chloride is determined indirectly by Spectrophotometric flow injection analysis. Two systems are compared, both based on the principle of ion exchange of easily detectable anions versus chloride from suitable mercury salts. The first method is based on the exchange of chloride with chloranilate which is detected at 332 nm or at 306 nm in neutral or in acidic medium respectively. In the second case, chloride reacts with Hg(SCN)₂. The liberated thiocyanate forms a strongly coloured complex with Fe(III) in acidic solution with an absorption maximum at 460 nm. Both methods have a detection limit of about 5 mol Cl^–/l (175 ng/ml). In the case of the thiocyanate method, the relative standard deviation is about 2% (7 measurements) in the range of 5 to 150 mol/l and decreases significantly to a value of approximately 0.2% at higher concentrations; for the chloranilate method it is 10% for lower and about 1% for higher concentrations respectively.     

An invariant trace formula for the universal covering group of SL(2,ℝ)

Automorphic forms of arbitrary real weight can be considered as functions on the universal covering group of SL(2, ). In this situation, we prove an invariant form of the Selberg trace formula for Hecke operators. For this purpose, the Fourier transforms of weightet orbital integrals, obtained by J. Arthur, R. Herb and P. Sally, jr., are explicitly calculated. Our formula does not follow from Arthur's invariant trace formula, since the group has infinite centre, and vector-valued automorphic forms with respect to non-congruence lattices are considered.     

On quadratic forms of height two and a theorem of Wadsworth

Let and be anisotropic quadratic forms over a field of characteristic not . Their function fields and are said to be equivalent (over ) if and are isotropic. We consider the case where and is divisible by an -fold Pfister form. We determine those forms for which becomes isotropic over if , and provide partial results for . These results imply that if and are equivalent and , then is similar to over . This together with already known results yields that if is of height and degree or , and if , then and are equivalent iff and are isomorphic over .

     

Hypothetical C(60) Metal-Cluster Fullerides and General Aspects of Tetrahedral Cluster Bonding

It is geometrically feasible to insert metal-metal-bonded M(4) tetrahedra and M(6) octahedra into the tetrahedral and octahedral holes, respectively, of the fcc C(60) lattice. The electronic structure of the hypothetical tetrahedral variants C(60)(M(4))(2), M = Rh, Co, is analyzed with approximate molecular orbital methods and band structure calculations. These compounds feature M-M and M-C(60) bonding and a variable degree of electron transfer to or from C(60). The C(60)(M(4))(2) phases should be metallic, but we have no way of predicting if they will be superconducting. A number of discrete molecular tetrahedral cluster compounds which serve as models for the solid state materials are analyzed. There is a clear indication that tetranuclear and even mononuclear Rh, Ir, and Co arene complexes should be relatively unstable.     

New hardware for radio frequency powered glow discharge spectroscopies and its capabilities for analytical applications

A new radio frequency (rf) hardware is developed for glow discharge spectroscopic methods. The resulting features and its capabilities for analytical applications are discussed. The electrical equipment developed allows to work as quickly, stably, reliably and easily as known from the direct current (dc) mode. Moreover, the rf power measurement has been improved. The hardware has been developed, optimised and tested for glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES), but nevertheless it is possible to use it for all procedures applying glow discharge sources.     

Electronic Structure of [Ta(5)(NH)(4)Cl(17)](6-): A Cluster with a Distorted Square Pyramidal Ta(5) Core

We report approximate molecular orbital calculations on the [Ta(5)(NH)(4)Cl(17)](6-) cluster synthesized by Simon and Meyer. The cluster is based on a "flattened" square pyramid of tantalum atoms, basal bridging imides, and terminal chlorides. This cluster was of interest to us due to the unusual presence of imide ligands, the distorted nature of the metal core, and the possible resemblance to B(5)H(9). Our calculations indicate that metal-metal bonding is limited to Ta(apical)-Ta(basal) bonding, with no significant bonding between the basal metal atoms. The imide ligands, which bridge the base of the pyramid, were found to have a significant amount of capping character. The metal-metal bonding orbitals have some unusual features due to the pyramid's distortion. Additionally, the flattened nature of the pyramid leads to an interesting energy ordering of the metal-metal bonding orbitals.