Reaction of 2,2,3,3-tetracyanocyclopropyl ketones with water

3-Benzoylcyclopropane-1,1,2,2-tetracarbonitrile reacted with water to give 2-benzoyl-1,3-dicyanocyclopropane-1-carboxamide as a result of hydrolysis of the cyano group in the trans position with respect to the carbonyl group and subsequent decarboxylation. The reaction of 3-benzoyl-3-methylcyclopropane-1,1,2,2-tetracarbonitrile with water involved heterocyclization with participation of the carbonyl group and cis-cyano groups, leading to 8-methyl-3,6-dioxo-1-phenyl-2,7-diazatricyclo[3.2.1.0^4,8]octane-4,5-dicarbonitrile. Hydrolysis of 3-alkylcyclopropane-1,1,2,2-tetracarbonitrile followed both reaction paths to produce mixtures of products, including 7-alkyl-4-amino-7-hydroxy-1,9-dioxo-3,8-diazatricyclo[4.3.0.0^1,5]non-3-ene-5-carbonitriles. In all cases, the three-membered ring was retained.     

The optical properties of triphenylmethane dye molecules and chromogens

Industrial dye monomers, including malachite green, crystal violet, brilliant green, and methyl violet, were isolated by extraction with the use of heptane. UV light absorption bands characteristic of pure molecules were determined. The molecules of the dyes studied, which were ion pairs (formed by dye cations and oxalate or chlorine anions), did not absorb light in the visible range; that is, they were not chromogens. The conclusion was drawn that chromogen particles responsible for chromaticity were supramolecular dimers of nonchromogenic triphenylmethane series molecules. This conclusion was substantiated by trends in spectral transformations with the participation of immonium hydroxides obtained from dyes and side products of the synthesis of industrial dyes with quinoid molecular structures.     

Synthesis and Properties of Platinum(II) 2-(2-Pyridyl)thiophenide Complexes and Ruthenium(II) Bisbipyridyl Complexes with 1,2-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ethene

Russian Journal of General Chemistry -     

Elaboration of Mendeleev’s hydration theory of solutions

Connection of Mendeleev’s hydration theory of solutions with following investigations in this region is analysed.     

Kinetic models of stem cell growth

A kinetic equation of the growth of stem cell populations has been suggested based on the quasichemical model of biological growth proposed earlier. A cycle of sequential stages of the development of stem cells is represented by quasichemical equations. The kinetic equations that describe the cell cycle allow us to quantitatively predict the development of stem cell inoculates of different types depending on the conditions. A kinetic model was developed in which the kinetic parameters were the experimental characteristics of population growth, unlike the parameters of extrapolation imitation models. The kinetic model is in good agreement with experiment within the error of the measurement procedure.     

Root continuity theorems in valued fields. II

The continuity estimates of Theorem 6 of the first part are improved, using Theorem 2 of the author’s article on the norms of roots and coefficients.     

Three-component synthesis and optical properties of triarylpyridines containing a buta-1,3-diene-1,1,3-tricarbonitrile fragment

The synthesis of triarylpyridine derivatives containing a buta-1,3-diene-1,1,3-tricarbonitrile fragment via the base-promoted reactions of aromatic aldehydes, 2-phenylacetophenone and a malononitrile dimer in the presence of an oxidant is described. The influence of aryl substituents in the 4-position on the optical properties is also reported.     

Mechanism of hydrostimulated displacement of aromatic compounds from cellulose triacetate films

The effect of temperature on the rate of desorption into water of naphthalene, diphenyl, benzophenone, para-terphenyl, α-naphthol, stilbene, anthracene, and dibutyl phthalate introduced into cellulose triacetate films was studied. It was shown that in water, the removal rate of these compounds from the films increases sharply as compared to desorption into air. The relation between the activation energies and pre-exponential factors characterizing the desorption rate was found in the form of a compensatory effect. The nature of the compensatory effect is explained by osmotic phenomena due to hydrophobic hydration of the polymer. We conclude that mobile polymeric chains of non-crystalline polymer are structured around water and Ar-compound molecules as sponge-like structures forming fringed nanoporous capsules. The simultaneous presence of molecules of different compounds in the polymer was found to cause osmotic competition for a place in the sponge; water absorbed by the chain sponge enhances the volume pulsations of nanocapsules. It was revealed that diffusion occurs because of thermal fluctuations inducing the reorganization of nanoporous capsules and their movement together with Ar-molecules in the matrix by the principle of peristalsis.