Utilizing inverse micelles to synthesize calcium phosphate nanoparticles as nano-carriers

The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of the inverse micelles (IM) technique in producing protein-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CaP NPs), and to compare this technique with the conventional co-precipitation (co-ppt) technique. In this study, bovine serum albumin and lysozyme were used as model proteins. The results show that CaP NPs produced by IM were shown to be spherical and homogenous in size of ~50 nm. Protein loading efficiency of the IM technique was shown to be much higher than CaP NPs synthesized through co-ppt technique. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that proteins were not adsorbed onto the surface of IM-synthesized CaP NPs, which suggested that the proteins were entrapped within the particle matrix. Release studies show that protein release was more rapid at lower pH conditions (pH 5 and 6) than at physiological pH of 7.4. A burst release was observed for co-ppt CaP NPs, while a continuous release of protein was observed for IM-produced CaP NPs. This study shows the superiority of the IM technique in preparing pH responsive CaP NPs as nano-carriers.     

Transportation of megawatt millijoule laser pulses via optical fibers?

Laser ignition is considered to be one of the most promising future concepts for internal combustion engines. It combines the legally required reduction of pollutant emissions and higher engine efficiencies. The igniting plasma is generated by a focused pulsed laser beam. Having pulse durations of a few nanoseconds, the pulse energy E _p for reliable ignition amounts to the order of 10 mJ. Different methods of laser ignition with an emphasis on fiber-based systems will be discussed and evaluated.     

Conductivity in an activity gradient

A procedure to evaluate conductivity measurements on a sample exposed to an activity gradient is presented The method allows the measured mean conductivity to be subsequently associated with a denned activity It offers not only an experimentally simple alternative to the Wagner-Hebb experiment, but also enables detailed information to be obtained about the activity dependence of the conductivity in polarization measurements with two blocking electrodes as well as in concentration cell experiments, no matter whether a two- or four-point arrangement is used It is further shown how the steady-state activities, which are necessary to compute the desired mean value, can be obtained from the initial and boundary conditions     

The radiation of rotating magnetic dipoles in vacuo in general relativity

An approximate solution of Maxwell's equations for the rotating oblique magnetic dipole is given on the geometrical background of the Schwarzschild metric. The energy radiation is calculated for both the case of the Schwarzschild geometry and the linearized Kerr metric on the basis of the Newman-Penrose formalism. It is shown that general relativistic effects are not sufficient to explain by themselves the experimentally measured slowdown laws of realistic pulsars.     

An exactly solvable non-linear Boltzmann equation

The initial value problem for a model Boltzmann equation of a two dimensional gas with a continuous or discrete energy distribution function and a transition probability δ(? - ?') is solved exactly; ? and ?' are the total energies before and after collision.     

The impact parameter dependence of the Pb + Pb K − MO spectrum

Molecular orbital X-rays are emitted during ion-atom collisions. The theoretical treatment, numerical results for the Pb + Pb system and a comparison with background radiation like NNB, SEB and γ-decay of Coulomb excited nuclei are presented.     

Calculation of wavefunctions and frequencies for noninfinitesimal vibrations: Comparison of various methods using ab initio CI potential curves

Three computational methods employing different means of representing molecular potentials are used to obtain wavefunctions and energy levels for noninfinitesimal vibrations. An interpolation scheme based on a cubic spline fitting procedure is introduced to supplement the CI energy results obtained explicitly in actual calculations. As long as a representative set of potential points is available it is found that the results of all three methods (two of variational and one of numerical integration type) are quite consistent, for both bending and stretching vibrations of ground and electronically excited states (examples for HCN and O₂ are considered). In addition a comparison of one- and two-dimensional bending vibrational treatments is made.     

Gruppenringe und Differentiale

Ohne ZusammenfassungHerrnGottfried Köthe zum 60. Geburtstag am 25. 12. 1965 gewidmet