液相烧结RCo5型永磁合金的X射线衍射研究

用X射线衍射方法对液相烧结的RCo₅型永磁体内的金属相结构进行了分析,配合着也观测了磁性,烧结体无例外地有一个约0.3毫米厚的表皮层;故须把烧结体的表皮层和核心部分分离,对它们分别进行观测,磁性测量则只是对核心部分作的,结果表明,表皮层与核心相比,它的结构较为复杂;但仅就成分讲,则它的R含量较高,Co含量较低,具有最大矫顽力的烧结体核心只显示了一个金属相,即具有CaZn₅型结构的RCo₅型金属间化合物,X射线衍射未察觉有其它金属相(R₂Co₇或R₂Co₁₇)的存在;这情况出现在63％(重量)的总Co含量附近,也对烧结前的混合粉中的“液相”含量作了变化,使烧结体的总Co含量偏离此值,这些不同Co含量的烧结体核心中一般地有第二个金属相的出现,随着这第二相(不论是R₂Co₇或R₂Co₁₇)的出现,核心的永磁特性就降低,根据上述结果,试提出以液相转变为主的烧结模型,磁性最佳的烧结体核心本质上是单相的RCo₅型结构,这一结果是与Strnat等提出的以R₂Co₇外延层的存在为基础的“磁壳钉扎模型”相矛盾的。     

Cross sections and isomeric ratios in the photoproduction of 44Sc from heavier nuclei

The yields and isomeric yield ratios in the photoproduction of⁴⁴Sc from ⁴⁵Sc, ⁵⁵Mn, Fe, ⁵⁹Co and ⁷⁵As have been measured by activation methods in the energy region 100–800 MeV. Mean cross sections and isomeric cross-section ratios in the energy region 250–800 MeV have been deduced and the number of valence neutrons available for the (γ, n) reaction estimated. The experimental cross sections are compared both to cascade-evaporation calculations based upon the free-nucleon photopion cross sections and to cross sections calculated with a semi-empirical formula. The isomeric cross-section ratios are compared to calculations based on the statistical formalism by Huizenga and Vandenbosch together with cascade-evaporation theory.     

Measurements of γ-γ and γ-electron directional correlations in119Sb

The directional correlations ofγ-γ andγ-electron cascades in¹¹⁹Sb are measured, in the decay of^119mTe. Bothγ-γ andγ-electron directional correlation coefficients are determined for the cascades (energies in keV): 153.5-1212.7, 942.3-270.5, (976.2+979.3)-270.5, 1095.7-270.5 and 1136.8-270.5. For the cascades 912.6-1366.2, 2013.4-270.5 and 2089.9-270.5γ-γ directional correlations are measured. The mixing ratios evaluated are:δ(M2/E1, 153.5 keV)=0.0003±0.0023,δ(E2/M1, 270.5 keV)=-0.39±0.29,δ(E2/M1, 942.3 keV)= ?0.26±0.12,δ(E3/M2,1095.7 keV)=?0.01±0.07, andδ(M3/E2,1212.7 keV) =0.004±0.007. The result is compared with theoretical predictions.     

慢电子对氮、氧和氖原子散射的总截面的计算

本文用下列解析原子波函数 1s电子:φ₁(r)=N₁e^-μar, 2s电子:φ₂(r)=N₂[(μr)e^-μr-Ne^-μar], 2p电子:φ3(r)=N₃(μr)cosθe^-μr, φ₄(r)=N₄(μr)sinθe^iφ-μr, φ₅(r)=N₅(μr)sinθe^-iφ-μr,推导出入射电子与氮、氧和氖原子之间相互作用的解析势函数,其中包括了交换作用与极化作用。应用这种势函数并用分波法,文中还算出了慢电子在这三种原子的势场中运动的畸变波函数、相移及散射总截面。计算结果与实验值很符合。     

赵家台叶蜡石的品种类型、矿物相变及其对合成金刚石的影响

叶蜡石是合成金刚石广泛采用的固体传压和密封的介质。本文对赵家台叶蜡石进行了初步的传压性能测试和矿物学研究,讨论了它们的品种类型、在高温超高压下的矿物相变及其对合成金刚石生长过程的影响。并对合理使用天然块状叶蜡石和改进传压密封材料提出了初步意见。     

Electronic control of chiral quaternary center creation in the intramolecular asymmetric heck reaction

The Boehringer-Ingelheim phosphinoimidazoline (BIPI) ligands were applied to the formation of chiral quaternary centers in the asymmetric Heck reaction. Several different substrates were examined in detail, using more than 70 members of this new ligand class. Hammett relationships were determined through systematic variation of the ligand electronics. All substrates showed essentially the same Hammett behavior, where enantioselectivity increased as the ligands were made more electron-deficient. Ligand optimization has led to catalysts which give the highest enantioselectivities reported to date for these difficult systems.     

Micron-sized atom traps made from magneto-optical thin films

We have produced magnetic patterns suitable for trapping and manipulating neutral atoms on a 1-m length scale. The required patterns are made in Co/Pt thin films on a silicon substrate, using the heat from a focused laser beam to induce controlled domain reversal. In this way we draw lines and paint shaped areas of reversed magnetisation with sub-micron resolution. These structures produce magnetic microtraps above the surface that are suitable for holding rubidium atoms with trap frequencies as high as 1 MHz. PACS 39.25.+k; 03.75.Be; 75.50.Ss; 75.70.-i     

Spin readout and initialization in a semiconductor quantum dot

Electron spin qubits in semiconductors are attractive from the viewpoint of long coherence times. However, single spin measurement is challenging. Several promising schemes incorporate ancillary tunnel couplings that may provide unwanted channels for decoherence. Here, we propose a novel spin-charge transduction scheme, converting spin information to orbital information within a single quantum dot by microwave excitation. The same quantum dot can be used for rapid initialization, gating, and readout. We present detailed modeling of such a device in silicon to confirm its feasibility.     

道路约束条件下的移动机器人跟踪

为提高移动机器人的位置估计精度和跟踪效果,提出一种基于道路约束条件下的移动机器人鲁棒约束H∞滤波(CHF)跟踪算法.首先,将机器人移动的道路网络作为跟踪的约束条件,并利用当前统计模型对机器人的运动进行建模.其次,将道路约束条件作为机器人跟踪的非线性状态约束,利用最小协方差估计推导了鲁棒CHF递推方程.通过拉格朗日乘子法对非线性约束优化估计问题进行求解,并利用约束信息对CHF算法的状态更新过程进行了改进.最后,通过对CHF算法和无约束的H∞滤波算法的跟踪性能进行了对比分析和验证.仿真结果表明,该算法可以实现机器人的跟踪,且跟踪精度优于HF算法.