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981.
Sergio Luis Costa Ferreira Maria das Graças Andrade Korn Hadla Sousa Ferreira Erik Galvao Paranhos da Silva Rennan Geovanny Oliveira Araújo Anderson Santos Souza 《应用光谱学评论》2013,48(5):475-491
Abstract The present article describes fundamentals and applications of multivariate techniques used for the optimization of analytical procedures and systems involving spectroanalytical methods such as flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS), considering the main steps of a chemical analysis. This way, applications of experimental designs in optimization of sampling systems, digestion procedures, preconcentration procedures, instrumental parameters of quantification steps of analytical methods, and robustness tests have been summarized in this work. 相似文献
982.
There are two seemingly unrelated ideals associated with a simplicial complex Δ: one is the Stanley–Reisner ideal I Δ , the monomial ideal generated by minimal non-faces of Δ, well-known in combinatorial commutative algebra; the other is the toric ideal I M(Δ) of the facet subring of Δ, whose generators give a Markov basis for the hierarchical model defined by Δ, playing a prominent role in algebraic statistics. In this note we show that the complexity of the generators of I M(Δ) is determined by the Betti numbers of I Δ . The unexpected connection between the syzygies of the Stanley–Reisner ideal and degrees of minimal generators of the toric ideal provide a framework for further exploration of the connection between the model and its many relatives in algebra and combinatorics. 相似文献
983.
We show that if a compact set X in ${\mathbb P^n}$ is laminated by holomorphic submanifolds of dimension q, then ${\mathbb P^n{\setminus}X}$ is (q + 1)-complete with corners. Consider a manifold U, q-complete with corners. Let ${\mathcal N}$ be a holomorphic line bundle in the complement of a compact in U. We study when ${\mathcal N}$ extends as a holomorphic line bundle in U. We give applications to the non existence of some Levi-flat foliations in open sets in ${\mathbb P^n}$ . The results apply in particular when U is a Stein manifold of dimension n ≥ 3, then every holomorphic line bundle in the complement of a compact extends holomorphically to U. 相似文献
984.
985.
Integrating restoration and scheduling decisions for disrupted interdependent infrastructure systems
Burak Cavdaroglu Erik Hammel John E. Mitchell Thomas C. Sharkey William A. Wallace 《Annals of Operations Research》2013,203(1):279-294
We consider the problem faced by managers of critical civil interdependent infrastructure systems of restoring essential public services after a non-routine event causes disruptions to these services. In order to restore the services, we must determine the set of components (or tasks) that will be temporarily installed or repaired, assign these tasks to work groups, and then determine the schedule of each work group to complete the tasks assigned to it. These restoration planning and scheduling decisions are often undertaken in an independent, sequential manner. We provide mathematical models and optimization algorithms that integrate the restoration and planning decisions and specifically account for the interdependencies between the infrastructure systems. The objective function of this problem provides a measure of how well the services are being restored over the horizon of the restoration plan, rather than just focusing on the performance of the systems after all restoration efforts are complete. We test our methods on realistic data representing infrastructure systems in New York City. Our computational results demonstrate that we can provide integrated restoration and scheduling plans of high quality with limited computational resources. We also discuss the benefits of integrating the restoration and scheduling decisions. 相似文献
986.
Erik Hillgarter Ralf Hemmecke Günter Landsmann Franz Winkler 《Mathematical and Computer Modelling of Dynamical Systems: Methods, Tools and Applications in Engineering and Related Sciences》2013,19(2):123-147
Differential problems are ubiquitous in mathematical modeling of physical and scientific problems. Algebraic analysis of differential systems can help in determining qualitative and quantitative properties of solutions of such systems. In this tutorial paper we describe several algebraic methods for investigating differential systems. 相似文献
987.
Hároz EH Duque JG Lu BY Nikolaev P Arepalli S Hauge RH Doorn SK Kono J 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2012,134(10):4461-4464
The colors of suspended metallic colloidal particles are determined by their size-dependent plasma resonance, while those of semiconducting colloidal particles are determined by their size-dependent band gap. Here, we present a novel case for armchair carbon nanotubes, suspended in aqueous medium, for which the color depends on their size-dependent excitonic resonance, even though the individual particles are metallic. We observe distinct colors of a series of armchair-enriched nanotube suspensions, highlighting the unique coloration mechanism of these one-dimensional metals. 相似文献
988.
Insights in the plasma-assisted growth of carbon nanotubes through atomic scale simulations: effect of electric field 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are nowadays routinely grown in a thermal CVD setup. State-of-the-art plasma-enhanced CVD (PECVD) growth, however, offers advantages over thermal CVD. A lower growth temperature and the growth of aligned freestanding single-walled CNTs (SWNTs) makes the technique very attractive. The atomic scale growth mechanisms of PECVD CNT growth, however, remain currently entirely unexplored. In this contribution, we employed molecular dynamics simulations to focus on the effect of applying an electric field on the SWNT growth process, as one of the effects coming into play in PECVD. Using sufficiently strong fields results in (a) alignment of the growing SWNTs, (b) a better ordering of the carbon network, and (c) a higher growth rate relative to thermal growth rate. We suggest that these effects are due to the small charge transfer occurring in the Ni/C system. These simulations constitute the first study of PECVD growth of SWNTs on the atomic level. 相似文献
989.
Kim CH Axup JY Dubrovska A Kazane SA Hutchins BA Wold ED Smider VV Schultz PG 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2012,134(24):9918-9921
Bispecific antibodies were constructed using genetically encoded unnatural amino acids with orthogonal chemical reactivity. A two-step process afforded homogeneous products in excellent yield. Using this approach, we synthesized an anti-HER2/anti-CD3 bispecific antibody, which efficiently cross-linked HER2+ cells and CD3+ cells. In vitro effector-cell mediated cytotoxicity was observed at picomolar concentrations. 相似文献
990.
For any real division algebra A of finite dimension greater than one, the signs of the determinants of left multiplication and right multiplication by an element a ∈ A?{0} are shown to form an invariant of A, called its double sign. For each n ∈ {2, 4, 8}, the double sign causes the category $\mathbb {D}_nFor any real division algebra A of finite dimension greater than one, the signs of the determinants of left multiplication and right multiplication by an element a ∈ A?{0} are shown to form an invariant of A, called its double sign. For each n ∈ {2, 4, 8}, the double sign causes the category $\mathbb {D}_n$ of all n‐dimensional real division algebras to decompose into four blocks. The structures of these blocks are closely related, and their relationship is made precise for a sample of full subcategories of $\mathscr {D}_n$. 相似文献