Behavior and characteristics of biogenic amines, ornithine and lysine derivatized with the o-phthalaldehyde-ethanethiol-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate reagent

The stability and characteristics of the ornithine (Orn), lysine (Lys), putrescine (Put), cadaverine (Cad), 1,7-diaminoheptane (Diah), spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) derivatives obtained with the o-phthalaldehyde (OPA)-ethanethiol (ET)-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC) reagent has been investigated. The stoichiometry of the introduced, two-step derivatization process has been followed by photodiode array (DAD) and fluorescence (FL) detections, simultaneously, while the composition of derivatives was confirmed by on-line HPLC-electrospray ionization (ESI) MS measurements. Depending on the composition of the OPA reagents, in addition to the secondary amino group-containing Spd and Spm, under common aqueous conditions also Orn and Lys do react with FMOC resulting in derivatives of various compositions. Applying the OPA-ET reagent of increasing methanol (Met) content (38-80%, v/v) the formation of the FMOC group containing Orn and Lys derivatives could be considerably decreased. Optimum elution condition (18 min, including equilibration) was developed for the simultaneous quantitation of Orn, Lys, Put, Cad, Diah, Spd and Spm, in the presence of the rest of protein amino acids. The practical utility of the method was demonstrated by the analysis of mouse tissues. Average reproducibility of quantitations, characterized with the relative standard deviation percentages of fluorescence intensities and UV responses, in order of listing, proved to be 2.1% and 2.1%, respectively.     

Thermal and FTIR spectroscopic analysis of the interactions of aniline adsorbed on to MCM-41 mesoporous material

The adsorption of aniline on Na-AlMCM-41 synthesized by us has been characterized by infrared spectroscopy, temperature programmed desorption (TPD), and differential thermal analysis methods. Aniline would be mostly bound to the mesostructure through weak pi interactions. On the mesostructure containing adsorbed water, the co-adsorption of aniline could occur by weak hydrogen bonding through surface water molecules. For water, two possible modes of adsorption have been identified. Different associations between aniline and hydrated and nonhydrated mesostructures have been evaluated in order to favor the posterior in situ polymerization of adsorbed aniline.     

Prediction of chromatographic parameters for some anilines by molecular connectivity

Summary The possible relation existing between R_F values obtained by thin-layer chromatography for a group of anilines with connectivity indices proposed by Kier and Hall has been studied. Using multivariable regression the corresponding connectivity functions, selected for their respective correlation coefficients, standard deviations, Snedecor's F and Student's t were obtained. Regression analysis of the connectivity functions gives a correct prediction of the experimental elution sequence for this group of substances on silica gel stationary phases and various mobile phases of different polarity. The corresponding random and stability studies of the different prediction models selected were carried out, showing good stability and null randomness in all cases.     

Thermochemical properties of benzoic acid derivatives VIII. Enthalpies of combustion and formation of o-, m-, and p- t-butylbenzoic acids

The enthalpies of formation in the crystalline state at 298.15 K of o-, m-, and p-t-butyl-benzoic acids have been determined by static-bomb calorimetry. Vapour-pressure determinations were made by the Knudsen-effusion technique and the sublimation enthalpies at the mean temperatures of the measurement ranges have been derived for the three acids. The values obtained are:

     

65.

Gravimetrische Halogenbestimmung in organischen Verbindungen nach dem Hydrierverfahren     

Mlinkó  S. 《Mikrochimica acta》1961,49(6):854-859

Zusammenfassung Es wurde eine gravimetrische Halogenbestimmung zur Analyse organischer Substanzen ausgearbeitet. Die Pyrolyse und Hydrierung wird in ammoniakhaltigem Wasserstoffstrom ausgeführt, die gebildeten Ammoniumhalogenide werden in einem nach dem Hydrierrohr geschalteten Absorptionsrohr gesammelt. Die Analyse läßt sich durch Wägung des Absorptionsrohres ausführen. Gleichzeitige Gegenwart von Schwefel stört die Analyse nicht.

---

Summary A gravimetric method has been worked out for determining the halogens in organic materials. The pyrolysis and hydrogenation are conducted in a current of hydrogen containing ammonia, and the ammonium halides formed are collected in an absorption tube attached to the hydrogenation tube. The analysis can be done by weighing the absorption tube. The presence of sulfur does not interfere with the analysis.

---

Résumé On a élaboré un dosage gravimétrique des halogènes dans l'analyse des substances organiques. On réalise la pyrolyse et l'hydrogénation dans un courant d'hydrogène contenant de l'ammoniac et l'on recueille les halogénures d'ammonium formés dans un tube à absorption disposé après le tube à hydrogénation. On peut effectuer l'analyse en pesant le tube à absorption. La présence simultanée du soufre ne gêne pas l'analyse.

     

66.

Mean amplitudes of vibration of the XF⁺₄ interhalogen cations     

Enrique J. Baran 《Journal of fluorine chemistry》1981,17(6):543-548

Mean amplitudes of vibration for the cations ClF⁺₄, BrF⁺₄ and IF⁺₄ have been calculated using the ‘Method of the Characteristic Vibrations’ and recently revised spectroscopic data. The results are briefly discussed and some comparisons with isoelectronic molecules and other related species are made.     

67.

Correlation between transport and equilibrium properties through the ternary interaction parameter for cosolvent and cononsolvent polymeric systems     

C. M. Gómez  V. Soria  A. Campos 《Colloid and polymer science》1992,270(3):197-206

A study of the ternary polymer systems dimethyl formamide-ethyl acetate-polystyrene, chloroform-1,4 dioxane-polystyrene and tetrahydrofuran-chloroform-polystyrene was carried out by viscosity and light scattering at 298 K. A good correlation has been found between the excess intrinsic viscosity, unperturbed polymer dimensions, second virial coefficient and the excess Gibbs free energy by using a ternary interaction parameter, dependent on molecular weight. This modification enables the conversion between transport and equilibrium properties.     

68.

Studies of the silica reduction process by carbon     

J. Bialoskórski 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》1990,36(6):2029-2032

The reduction of amorphous silica by carbon black was studied in argon atmosphere by use of MOM Derivatograph C. The apparent kinetic parameters of the process were determined. The possible mechanism of reaction was proposed.

---

Zusammenfassung Unter Verwendung eines MOM Derivatograph C wurde in Argonatmosphäre die Reduktion von Siliziumdioxid mit Ruß untersucht. Es wurden die scheinbaren kinetischen Größen des Prozesses bestimmt und ein möglicher Reaktionsmechanismus vorgeschlagen.

     

69.

Parallel and multiplexed bead-based assays and encoding strategies     

Yingyongnarongkul BE  How SE  Díaz-Mochón JJ  Muzerelle M  Bradley M 《Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening》2003,6(7):577-587

Advances in high throughput screening (HTS), together with the rapid progress in combinatorial chemistry, genomic and proteomic sciences have dramatically stimulated the development of a variety tools to enable the drug discovery process to become more efficient. Major future challenges in HTS include obtaining high density and good quality data based on assays that are rapid, reliable, inexpensive, sensitive, simple and miniaturised. This paper reviews the development and role of bead-based assays for HTS including DNA and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assays, particularly from a multiplex perspective and evaluating the recent advances in bead-based arrays. The encoding strategies that are commonly used in bead-based assays are highlighted, while the importance of magnetic beads in genomic and proteomic purifications is discussed. In conclusion, bead-based assays offer a powerful promising approach for many aspects of drug discovery.     

70.

On-line filtration system for determining total chromium and chromium in the soluble fraction of industrial effluents by flow injection flame atomic absorption spectrometry     

López-García I  Merino Meroño B  Campillo N  Hernández-Córdoba M 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2002,373(1-2):98-102

Two manifolds were assessed for the purpose of determining both the total chromium content and that present as a soluble form in industrial effluents by flow injection flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FI-FAAS). To determine the chromium content in the soluble fraction the samples were used without additional treatment, a 0.45 microm filter being included in the FI system. To determine the total chromium content, the samples were acidified with nitric acid 20% (v/v) and heated for 30 s in a microwave oven (temperatures of about 70 degrees C were reached). The problem posed by the very different concentration range in which total and soluble chromium are present was overcome by using programmed flow rate methodology and by only partially emptying the sample loop. A personal computer controlled both the rotation speed of a peristaltic pump and the volume of sample injected into the system, thus obtaining the dispersion degree required. Using the manifold proposed, the chromium content in the soluble fraction can be determined in the 0.5-20 microg mL(-1) range using a 10 microg mL(-1) single standard for calibration. To determine the total chromium content, a calibration line in the 20-200 microg mL(-1) range was obtained using a single 50 microg mL(-1) chromium standard solution. The reliability of the semi-automatic devices was verified by comparing the results obtained with those found by treating the samples and using both FAAS in a conventional way and a spectrophotometric method using diphenylcarbazide at the 95% confidence level (ANOVA test). The proposed procedures showed a RSD lower than +/-3%.     

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	$\text{ΔH}{}_{\mathrm{f}}{}^{\mathrm{o}}\text{(c, 298.15 K)/kJ mol}{}^{\mathrm{?1}}$	$\text{ΔH}{}_{\mathrm{s}}\text{/kJ mol}{}^{\mathrm{?1}}$
o-t-butylbenzoic acid	476.2 ± 1.9	99.8 ± 0.4	(at 314.6 K)
m-t-butylbenzoic acid	504.3 ± 1.6	103.0 ± 0.5	(at 326.5 K)
p-t-butylbenzoic acid	502.9 ± 1.7	103.8 ± 0.4	(at 334.1 K)

Gravimetrische Halogenbestimmung in organischen Verbindungen nach dem Hydrierverfahren

Zusammenfassung Es wurde eine gravimetrische Halogenbestimmung zur Analyse organischer Substanzen ausgearbeitet. Die Pyrolyse und Hydrierung wird in ammoniakhaltigem Wasserstoffstrom ausgeführt, die gebildeten Ammoniumhalogenide werden in einem nach dem Hydrierrohr geschalteten Absorptionsrohr gesammelt. Die Analyse läßt sich durch Wägung des Absorptionsrohres ausführen. Gleichzeitige Gegenwart von Schwefel stört die Analyse nicht.

---

Summary A gravimetric method has been worked out for determining the halogens in organic materials. The pyrolysis and hydrogenation are conducted in a current of hydrogen containing ammonia, and the ammonium halides formed are collected in an absorption tube attached to the hydrogenation tube. The analysis can be done by weighing the absorption tube. The presence of sulfur does not interfere with the analysis.

---

Résumé On a élaboré un dosage gravimétrique des halogènes dans l'analyse des substances organiques. On réalise la pyrolyse et l'hydrogénation dans un courant d'hydrogène contenant de l'ammoniac et l'on recueille les halogénures d'ammonium formés dans un tube à absorption disposé après le tube à hydrogénation. On peut effectuer l'analyse en pesant le tube à absorption. La présence simultanée du soufre ne gêne pas l'analyse.

     

Mean amplitudes of vibration of the XF+4 interhalogen cations

Mean amplitudes of vibration for the cations ClF⁺₄, BrF⁺₄ and IF⁺₄ have been calculated using the ‘Method of the Characteristic Vibrations’ and recently revised spectroscopic data. The results are briefly discussed and some comparisons with isoelectronic molecules and other related species are made.     

Correlation between transport and equilibrium properties through the ternary interaction parameter for cosolvent and cononsolvent polymeric systems

A study of the ternary polymer systems dimethyl formamide-ethyl acetate-polystyrene, chloroform-1,4 dioxane-polystyrene and tetrahydrofuran-chloroform-polystyrene was carried out by viscosity and light scattering at 298 K. A good correlation has been found between the excess intrinsic viscosity, unperturbed polymer dimensions, second virial coefficient and the excess Gibbs free energy by using a ternary interaction parameter, dependent on molecular weight. This modification enables the conversion between transport and equilibrium properties.     

Studies of the silica reduction process by carbon

The reduction of amorphous silica by carbon black was studied in argon atmosphere by use of MOM Derivatograph C. The apparent kinetic parameters of the process were determined. The possible mechanism of reaction was proposed.

---

Zusammenfassung Unter Verwendung eines MOM Derivatograph C wurde in Argonatmosphäre die Reduktion von Siliziumdioxid mit Ruß untersucht. Es wurden die scheinbaren kinetischen Größen des Prozesses bestimmt und ein möglicher Reaktionsmechanismus vorgeschlagen.

     

Parallel and multiplexed bead-based assays and encoding strategies

Advances in high throughput screening (HTS), together with the rapid progress in combinatorial chemistry, genomic and proteomic sciences have dramatically stimulated the development of a variety tools to enable the drug discovery process to become more efficient. Major future challenges in HTS include obtaining high density and good quality data based on assays that are rapid, reliable, inexpensive, sensitive, simple and miniaturised. This paper reviews the development and role of bead-based assays for HTS including DNA and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assays, particularly from a multiplex perspective and evaluating the recent advances in bead-based arrays. The encoding strategies that are commonly used in bead-based assays are highlighted, while the importance of magnetic beads in genomic and proteomic purifications is discussed. In conclusion, bead-based assays offer a powerful promising approach for many aspects of drug discovery.     

On-line filtration system for determining total chromium and chromium in the soluble fraction of industrial effluents by flow injection flame atomic absorption spectrometry

Two manifolds were assessed for the purpose of determining both the total chromium content and that present as a soluble form in industrial effluents by flow injection flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FI-FAAS). To determine the chromium content in the soluble fraction the samples were used without additional treatment, a 0.45 microm filter being included in the FI system. To determine the total chromium content, the samples were acidified with nitric acid 20% (v/v) and heated for 30 s in a microwave oven (temperatures of about 70 degrees C were reached). The problem posed by the very different concentration range in which total and soluble chromium are present was overcome by using programmed flow rate methodology and by only partially emptying the sample loop. A personal computer controlled both the rotation speed of a peristaltic pump and the volume of sample injected into the system, thus obtaining the dispersion degree required. Using the manifold proposed, the chromium content in the soluble fraction can be determined in the 0.5-20 microg mL(-1) range using a 10 microg mL(-1) single standard for calibration. To determine the total chromium content, a calibration line in the 20-200 microg mL(-1) range was obtained using a single 50 microg mL(-1) chromium standard solution. The reliability of the semi-automatic devices was verified by comparing the results obtained with those found by treating the samples and using both FAAS in a conventional way and a spectrophotometric method using diphenylcarbazide at the 95% confidence level (ANOVA test). The proposed procedures showed a RSD lower than +/-3%.