3.5 μm optical communication experiment at 100 Mbits−1 using a PbCdS diode laser

A mid-infrared optical communication experiment using a lead-salt diode laser emitting at 3.5 m is reported. Bit-error rate measurements have been performed for pulse code modulated data at 100 Mbits^–1 using a fluoride glass fibre as a transmission channel. A bit-error rate better than 10^–10 was achieved at a signal-to-noise ratio of 20 dB.S. T. Eng has a joint appointment with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA.     

催化光度法测定微量草酸盐

草酸盐对Cr(Ⅲ)-茜素红S(ARS)显色体系的慢反应在微酸性条件下具有显著的催化作用.据此提出了一种测定微量草酸盐的动力学新方法,确定了最佳测定条件.方法操作简单,在C_2O~(2-)_4 0～140.8mg·L~(-1)范围内,草酸盐含量与催化-非催化体系的吸光度之差呈良好的线性关系.方法的检出限为3.86mg·L~(-1),除CN~(-)、CO~(2-)_3外,其它阴离子不干扰测定.     

Proteomics of rat liver Golgi complex: minor proteins are identified through sequential fractionation

The discovery of novel proteins resident to the Golgi complex will fuel our future studies of Golgi structure/function and provide justification for proteomic analysis of this organelle. Our approach to Golgi proteomics was to first isolate and characterize the intact organelle free of proteins in transit by use of tissue pretreated with cycloheximide. Then the stacked Golgi fraction was fractionated into biochemically defined subfractions: Triton X-114 insoluble, aqueous, and detergent phases. The aqueous and detergent phases were further fractionated by anion-exchange column chromatography. In addition, radiolabeled cytosol was incubated with stacked Golgi fractions containing proteins in transit, and the proteins bound to the Golgi stacks in an energy-dependent manner were characterized. All fractions were analyzed by two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis and identification numbers were given to 588 unique 2-D spots. Tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze 93 of the most abundant 2-D spots taken from preparative Triton X-114 insoluble, aqueous and detergent phase 2-D gels. Fifty-one known and 22 unknown proteins were identified. This study represents the first installment in the mammalian Golgi proteome database. Our data suggest that cell fractionation followed by biochemical dissection of specific classes of molecules provides a significant advantage for the identification of low abundance proteins in organelles.     

海带吸附Ag(Ⅰ)的物理化学特性研究

以海带(Laminaria japonica)干粉为吸附剂,研究了海带吸附Ag+的物理化学特性.结果表明海带对Ag+有很强的吸附能力,最大理论吸附量可达273mg/g干重.该吸附在20～40℃范围内是一个不依赖于温度的快速过程;对溶液的pH值有较宽的适应范围;海带浓度在0.5～4.0mg/L范围内,海带对Ag+的吸附量与海带粉的浓度成反比;起始Ag+浓度在10～800mg/L的范围内,海带对Ag+的吸附量与起始Ag+浓度成正比.吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型.TEM观察结果表明,海带能够将Ag+还原成Ag0.海带可用于从含Ag+的强酸废液中回收Ag+,当废液中Ag+浓度为121.9mg/L时,其回收率可达98.3%.     

Enhancement of valley splitting in (100) Si MOSFETs at high magnetic fields

We report the density and magnetic field dependence of the valley splitting of two-dimensional electrons in (100) Si metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors, as determined via activation measurements in the quantum Hall regime. We find that the valley activation gap can be greatly enhanced at high magnetic fields as compared to the bare valley splitting. The observation of strong dependence of the valley activation gap on orbital Landau level occupancy and similar behavior of nearby spin gaps suggest that electron–electron interactions play a large role in the observed enhancement.     

DESORPTION OF VOCs FROM POLYMERIC ADSORBENTS UNDER MICROWAVE FIELD

1. INTRODUCTION Nowdays the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have become important pollutants to air [1]. The source of these wastes is very wide. The leakage of the VOCs from chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturing, printing processes, paint and adhesive manufacturing and applications, composites and fiberglass molding etc. is the source of the pollutants. A number of adsorbents are capable of capturing a wide range of VOCs. However, the conventional process of regenerating …     

Potential use of deep eutectic solvents to facilitate lignocellulosic biomass utilization and conversion

High reliance on crude oil for energy consumption results in the urgent need to explore and develop alternative renewable sources. One of the most promising routes is the transformation of biomass into biofuels and chemicals. The introduction of deep eutectic solvents in 2004 received a considerable amount of attention across different research fields, particularly in biomass processing. The effectiveness of deep eutectic solvents in breaking down the recalcitrant structure in biomass highlights its impact on the transformation of biomass into various value-added products. In addition, deep eutectic solvents are widely regarded as promising “green” solvents due to their low cost, low toxicity, and biodegradable properties. In this paper, some background information on lignocellulosic biomass and deep eutectic solvents is given. Furthermore, the roles of deep eutectic solvents in biomass processing are discussed, focusing on the impacts of deep eutectic solvents on the selectivity of chemical processes and dissolution of biomass. This review also highlights the advantages and limitations of deep eutectic solvents associated with their usage in biomass valorization.