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151.
From technical and industrial heritage, curators are in charge of numerous and important collections of metallic items which
are representative of the industrial and technical development of our societies. The diagnosis of the conservation state and
the choice of the restoration treatment are important questions that have to be solved by curators to avoid expensive restoration
works. This paper proposes to show how simple electrochemical techniques can be used as an efficient tool to contribute to
the diagnosis of the conservation state of metallic artefacts and to monitor the restoration treatment through three examples.
In the case of the very-corroded aluminium alloys of aircraft belonging to the Air and Space Museum (Le Bourget, France),
stationary electrochemical measurements are able to characterise the allowable electrochemical effect of thick corrosion layer
on the corrosion rate of metal but are not sufficient to give a complete diagnosis. In contrary, for the bronze part of the
miner's lamp collection of the Mining History Centre of Lewarde, France and the nickel-plated steel of an ancient typewriter
of the Musée des Arts et Metiers, Paris, France, an inhibition treatment based on sodium carboxylate within the framework
of temporary conservation treatment was applied with success, on the basis of the electrochemical results obtained in the
present study. 相似文献
152.
Nathalie Dupré Pauline Rémy Dr. Kévin Micoine Dr. Cécile Boglio Dr. Serge Thorimbert Dr. Emmanuel Lacôte Dr. Bernold Hasenknopf Prof. Max Malacria Prof. 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2010,16(24):7256-7264
The preparation of new organosoluble Lewis acidic polyoxometalates (POMs) is reported. These complexes were prepared by the incorporation of Zr, Sc, and Y atoms into the corresponding monolacunary Dawson [P2W17O61]10? and Keggin [PW11O39]7? polyoxotungstates. The catalytic activity of these compounds was evaluated for C? C bond formation in the Diels–Alder, Mannich, and Mukaiyama‐type reactions. Comparisons with previously described Lewis acidic POMs are reported. Competitive reactions between imines and aldehydes or between various imines demonstrated that fine tuning of the reactivity could be reached by varying the metal atom incorporated into the polyanionic framework. A series of experiments that employed pyridine derivatives allowed us to distinguish between the Lewis and induced Brønsted acidity of the POMs. These catalysts activate imines in a Lewis acidic way, whereas aldehydes are activated by indirect Brønsted catalysis. 相似文献
153.
A nontomography approach for the measurement of angular-dependent coherent-scatter cross section of x rays (E?40-80 keV) is described. It is shown that an analyzer crystal, which is proposed to be used for the sampling of the cross section, simultaneously provides information about the location of the scattering volume inside the object. A numerical simulation demonstrates that this method can be applied for nondestructive analysis of an object's internal structure. 相似文献
154.
We investigate thermal inflation in double-screen entropic cosmology. We find that its realization is general, resulting from the system evolution from non-equilibrium to equilibrium. Furthermore, going beyond the background evolution, we study the primordial curvature perturbations arising from the universe interior, as well as from the thermal fluctuations generated on the holographic screens. We show that the power spectrum is nearly scale-invariant with a red tilt, while the tensor-to-scalar ratio is in agreement with observations. Finally, we examine the non-Gaussianities of primordial curvature perturbations, and we find that a sizable value of the non-linearity parameter is possible due to holographic statistics on the outer screen. 相似文献
155.
156.
We derive expansion results in order to approximate the law of the average of the marginal of diffusion processes. The average is computed w.r.t. a general parameter that is involved in the diffusion dynamics. Our approximation is based on the use of proxys with normal distribution or log-normal distribution, so that the expansion terms are explicit. We provide non asymptotic error bounds, which justifies the expansion accuracy as the time or the diffusion coefficients are small in a suitable sense. 相似文献
157.
Caterina Calgaro Claire Colin Emmanuel Creus Ezzeddine Zahrouni 《Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences》2019,42(1):250-271
In this work, we prove the existence and the uniqueness of the strong solution of a low‐Mach model, for which the dynamic viscosity of the fluid is a given function of its temperature. The method is based on the convergence study of a sequence towards the solution, for which the rates are also given. The originality of the approach is to consider the system in terms of the temperature and the velocity, leading to a nonlinear temperature equation and the development of some specific tools and results. 相似文献
158.
Jesús Emmanuel Solís‐Prez Jos Francisco Gmez‐Aguilar Lizeth Torres Ricardo Fabricio Escobar‐Jimnez Juan Reyes‐Reyes 《Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences》2019,42(18):7335-7348
In this work, the design of spectral observers for signal reconstruction based on Kalman filters is performed and evaluated. The conformable derivative and the beta‐derivative were used to design the Kalman filters. Both derivatives satisfy the same formulas of the classical derivation, eg, the chain rule. The derivative order, the Ricatti equation parameters, and the observers tuning parameters were optimized using an optimization algorithm based on the bat's echolocation behavior (Bat algorithm). The simulation results showed the advantages of using the proposed observers for the signal reconstruction. 相似文献
159.
Emmanuel N. Barron 《Comptes Rendus Mathematique》2013,351(19-20):737-741
The main theorem connecting convex Hamiltonians and semicontinuous viscosity solutions due to Barron and Jensen is extended to quasiconvex Hamiltonians. Some applications are indicated. 相似文献
160.
The E. Amar and G. Henkin theorem on the bounded extendability of bounded holomorphic functions from certain closed complex submanifolds of strictly pseudoconvex domains to the whole domain is generalized to the case of finite type convex domains and their intersections with affine linear hyperplanes. Suitable integral operators of Berndtsson–Andersson type are constructed and estimated for this purpose. Received: 7 July 2000 相似文献