Hysteretic galvano-mechanical effect on charging and discharging ionistor structures

The size of an ionistor capacitor structure is found to change during its charging and discharging. The specific feature of this effect that distinguishes it from other known effects of changing sizes under electric and magnetic fields (the piezoelectric effect and striction) is the complete hysteresis; i.e., the size reached under the exposure remains unchanged after the field is turned off.     

Calculation of the ion transverse velocity distribution function under ion cyclotron resonance heating

The ion transverse velocity distribution functions and the fraction η of ions heated above a certain energy W ₁ are calculated as applied to the ion cyclotron resonance heating method of isotope separation. It is assumed that the longitudinal ion velocity distribution in a plasma source is nonequilibrium. Under high heating temperatures, the averaged ion transverse velocity distribution becomes essentially nonequilibrium and exhibits two maxima. The ion heating efficiency η is calculated for W ₁=40 eV and various values of the parameter p=λ/L, where λ is the wavelength of the electric field of an antenna and L is the heating zone extension. The relative contributions of the time-of-flight and Doppler broadenings are evaluated.     

Wide-aperture cathodoluminescent light source based on an open discharge

The feasibility of an effective high-luminance light source based on an open discharge is considered. Experimental data for the light characteristics of different cathodoluminescent screens are presented. Phosphor coatings are excited by an electron beam initiated by a planar cathode-grid injector in an inert gas atmosphere. The feasibility of maintaining an open discharge using continuous or pulsed-periodic excitation of the gas medium in the light emitter is discussed. The use of the specular method to excite the phosphor coating of the screen makes it possible to achieve a higher luminance and a higher luminous efficacy in comparison with these characteristics for cathodophosphors. The design of the cathode-grid unit allows for a large surface area of the electron injector, making it promising for wide-aperture light sources.     

Dispersion Characteristics of Waveguide Arrays in Optical Spectrum Analyzers

Formulas for calculating the spectral characteristics of waveguide arrays, which are incorporated into waveguide spectrum analyzers based on planar waveguides, channel waveguides, and fiber optical waveguides, are derived taking into account the contribution of both the waveguide dispersion and the material dispersion to the dispersion factor. These formulas are used to study the dependence of the dispersion factor on the waveguide-system parameters for specific models of waveguide arrays. It is shown that consideration of contributions of the waveguide dispersion and material dispersion can affect profoundly the spectral characteristics of waveguide arrays.     

Localization of nonlinear waves in elastic bodies with inclusions

By the example of the problem of the motion of a semi-infinite string lying on an elastic base, a method for describing wave localization near inclusions is proposed for the case of a cubic nonlinearity of the base. The method applies the perturbation technique to the amplitude of a localized mode. The nature of the divergences is revealed, and the secular terms are found to belong to one of two types: inphase or antiphase with the localized wave. It is shown that a combination of the renormalization method and multiscale method provides a convergence of the solutions, which are sought for in the form of power series in the amplitude of the localized mode. It is found that the localization process is determined by the type of the discrete spectrum, type of the nonlinearity, and type of dispersion. The nonlinearity of the elastic base produces two characteristic effects. First, the frequency of the localized wave becomes dependent on the wave amplitude. Second, the system can generate traveling waves at multiple frequencies, which withdraw energy from the localized wave and cause it to decay. The decay behavior is determined by the minimum frequency of these traveling waves (because it must be higher than the cutoff frequency). The lifetime of the localized wave as a function of the mass of a dynamic inclusion exhibits a number of maxima. In particular, the first maximum corresponds to the minimum amplitude of the traveling wave at the triple frequency.     

Magnetic relaxation in a random system of interacting rodlike nanoparticles

It is shown in the framework of the generalized mean-field approximation taking into account spatial fluctuations of the local magnetic field that the collective effect of dipole interaction in a random 3D system of identical (rodlike) magnetic nanoparticles with parallel easy magnetization axes shifts the relaxation magnetization curves towards shorter times (i.e., accelerates the relaxation process). In addition, the course of this process depends (via the demagnetizing field) on the sample shape. The interaction between nanograins affects the magnetization relaxation of a random 2D system only when the magnetic moments of the grains are perpendicular to the plane of the system.     

Theory of periodic states for feedback-controlled photorefractive nonlinear systems

Certain feedback loops can be used in photorefractive optical schemes to implement periodic states and create spatial gratings characterized by extremely high or low diffraction efficiencies. This highly nonlinear phenomenon is studied both experimentally and numerically. An analytical method is developed for analyzing periodic states with the use of symmetries of time-dependent diffraction equations and fast feedback response. The method is applied to describe the properties of periodic states, including their spatial structure, diffraction-efficiency oscillation period and amplitude, and characteristics of feedback-controlled strong phase modulation.     

On the Effect of the Strength of Acid Sites in Heterogeneous Catalysts on the Activity in the Skeletal Isomerization of n-Butane

The catalytic activity of three groups of acid catalysts different in the nature and strength of acid sites in the skeletal isomerization of n-butane was studied. It was found that the strength of the sites did not correlate with the rate of the reaction.     

Influence of Preparation Conditions on Properties of a Copper-Containing Catalyst for Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Acetone

Stages of synthesis of a copper-containing catalyst for electrocatalytic oxidation of acetone in waste gases were studied. The course of the extrusion and calcination and their influence on electrocatalytic oxidation of acetone on the catalyst synthesized were analyzed.