A reliable source of very small amounts of hydrogen chloride for analytical purposes

Sources of small quantities of hydrogen chloride (nmol s^-1 and pmol s^-1), based on molecular diffusion through a membrane from a reservoir of strong hydrochloric acid, are described. Accurate procedures of standardizing and checking the sources are reported. Extension to other reagents is possible. This standardized source provides a reliable means for the preparation of gaseous reference mixtures as well as standard solutions of hydrochloric acid.     

Dynamic and static interactions in CO overlayers on sintered NaCl films

Sublimation of NaCl onto a cold (77 K) NaCl plate followed by sintering at 300 K gives an IR transparent film formed by individual crystallites having cubic shape. CO adsorbed on {100} faces of the crystallites gives an IR peak at 2161-2156 cm^?1, while CO adsorbed on edges (steps) gives a weaker peak at ～2175 cm^?1. The CO molecules are adsorbed on Na⁺ ions and form a bidimensional array of parallel oscillators. Lateral adsorbate-adsorbate interactions (dynamic and static) are responsible for the shift of the IR frequency. The relative weight of the static and dynamic effects is estimated by using ¹²CO?¹³CO mixtures. The dynamic effect is well described by the modified Hammaker equation, with $\text{α}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>v</mtext>}}\text{=0.0235}\text{A}\text{?}$^?3. The unusually low value of the dynamic polarizability agrees very well with literature data concerning the intensity of the stretching band of CO adsorbed on ions. The static effect, causing a consistent negative shift of the CO frequency, is related to through-solid interactions of inductive nature.     

Oxygen determinations with the aluminium corrosion electrode

A method for the determination of molecular oxygen in a great variety of liquid and gaseous samples has been developed. The method seems adaptable for control analysis by reason of its sensitivity, rapidity and ease of operation. It gives accurate determinations in the presence of many chemical substances which interfere with other methods. It is based on the variation in corrosion potential of the aluminium electrode, caused by oxygen, and exemplifies use of the corrosion phenomenon in analytical chemistry.     

Pd-Dissolution through a mild and effective one-step reaction and its application for Pd-recovery from spent catalytic converters

We describe here an innovative method for Pd-dissolution using the reagent N,N'-dimethylperhydrodiazepine-2,3-dithione diiodine adduct which, being safe and powerful, is appealing for practical applications: remarkably almost quantitative Pd-recovery from model spent three-way catalysts has been obtained, showing that the effectiveness of the method is maintained when palladium is contained in a complex system such as a car catalyst, a ceramic material which has undergone severe thermal stress.     

Conformation of substituted five-membered rings

Proton magnetic resonance chemical shifts and coupling constants for some 5-substituted dihydrofurans, dihydrofuran and dihydrothiophene fused rings are reported, the substituents being methyl, ethyl and phenyl. The observed coupling constants are consistent with buckled rings, in which it appears that a conformation with pseudo-equatorial substituents is predominant.     

Food seeking in spite of harmful consequences is under prefrontal cortical noradrenergic control

Background  

Eating disorders are multifactorial psychiatric disorders. Chronic stressful experiences and caloric restriction are the most powerful triggers of eating disorders in human and animals. Although compulsive behavior is considered to characterize pathological excessive food intake, to our knowledge, no evidence has been reported of continued food seeking/intake despite its possible harmful consequences, an index of compulsive behavior. Brain monoamine transmission is considered to have a key role in vulnerability to eating disorders, and norepinephrine in medial prefrontal cortex has been shown to be critical for food-related motivated behavior.     

On one-dimensional continua uniformly approximating planar sets

Consider the class of closed connected sets satisfying length constraint with given l>0. The paper is concerned with the properties of minimizers of the uniform distance F _M of Σ to a given compact set ,

Controllability of quasi-linear Hamiltonian NLS equations

We prove internal controllability in arbitrary time, for small data, for quasi-linear Hamiltonian NLS equations on the circle. We use a procedure of reduction to constant coefficients up to order zero and HUM method to prove the controllability of the linearized problem. Then we apply a Nash–Moser–Hörmander implicit function theorem as a black box.     

Complex varieties and higher integrability of Dir-minimizing Q-valued functions

We provide new elementary proofs of the following two results: every complex variety is locally the graph of a Dir-minimizing function, first proved by Almgren (Almgren’s big regularity paper, volume 1 of World Scientific Monograph Series in Mathematics, 2000); the gradients of Dir-minimizing functions, in principle square-summable, are p-integrable for some p > 2, proved by De Lellis and Spadaro (Higher integrability and approximation of minimal currents, 2009). In the planar case, we prove that our integrability exponents are optimal.