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91.
G. F. R. Ellis 《General Relativity and Gravitation》1978,9(2):87-94
It is shown that spherically symmetric static general relativistic cosmological space-times can reproduce the same cosmological observations as the currently favored Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universes, if the usual assumptions are made about the local physical laws determining the behavior of matter, provided that the universe is inhomogeneous and our galaxy is situated close to one of its centers. Only (i) unverifiable a priori assumptions, (ii) detailed physical and astrophysical arguments, or (iii) observation of the time variation of cosmological quantities can lead us to conclude that the universe we live in is not such a static space-time.This essay was awarded the second prize for 1977 by the Gravity Research Foundation. 相似文献
92.
L. Baksay A. Boehm H. Foeth A. Staude W. Lockman M. Medinnis T. Meyer J. Rander P. Schlein T. Trippe R. Webb R. Ellis B. Naroska P. Strolin 《Physics letters. [Part B]》1975,53(5):484-488
In a single-arm magnetic spectrometer experiment at the CERN Intersecting Storage Rings (ISR), a prominent diffractive enhancement is observed for inclusive production of (pπ+π?) systems near x ~ 1 at √s = 53 and 35 GeV. In testing limiting fragmentation and scaling for this system, inclusive pπ+π? diffractive excitation into a fixed invariant mass range is found to possess a cross-section independent of s to within (3 ± 5)%. The main component in the (pπ+π?) system is Δ(1236)π, with a charge structure compatible with the break-up of an isotopic spin system. 相似文献
93.
94.
Optical transforms have been utilized to study characteristic low-energy electron diffraction features from overlayers on six-fold substrates, including .(i) commensurate √3 overlayers reduced to 85%, (ii) orientationally incommensurate √3 structures, (iii) coincidence-lattices and (iv) several cases of one- and two-dimensional sinusoidal periodic lattice distortions. Readily identifiable, distinguishing differences are apparent among these classes of overlayer disregistry. The one prominent and distinctive feature common to periodic distortions on six-fold substrates is the absence of satellite beams around the 00 reflection for which a kinematical diffraction analysis is also given. The analogs graphically illustrate the possibility of misinterpretations. 相似文献
95.
We discuss the motivations for reconsidering cosmological inflation in supersymmetric theories as contrasted with conventional GUTs. Radiative corrections to the effective potential can be made arbitrarily small in supersymmetric GUTs, removing some of the obstacles to inflation. We analyze general renormalizable potentials at the tree level and show that the required fine-tuning of parameters becomes less acute if inflation takes place before the grand unified phase transition, a hypothesis we term primordial inflation. We show how the grand unified monopole problem can be solved in supersymmetric GUTs embodying primordial inflation. 相似文献
96.
97.
A relativistic self-consistent Dirac-Slater model has been used in a study of the electronic structure of 5d-metal hexafluorides. Experimental absorption spectra have been compared with calculated energies obtained as one-electron energy differences. The calculated “crystal field” splitting between the relativistic analog oft 2g ande g levels, as well as spinorbit splitting of thet 2g level, has been found to be in good agreement with experimental data. Ionization energies which agree well with available spectra have been calculated using a transition state procedure. From a Mulliken population analysis of the molecular levels and ground state charge densities the validity of the classical crystal-field model is discussed. 相似文献
98.
Direct physical evidence for occupation of a trough site by the β2 state of deuterium adsorbed on W(211) has been obtained by angle-resolved 3He+/D(ads) ion-scattering spectroscopy (ISS) in combination with LEED/Auger. The W(211) surface is composed of close-packed 〈111〉 rows of W atoms separated by a wide channel. Previous thermal desorption studies have shown two clearly resolved hydrogen states: β1 desorbing with a temperature maximum of ca. 60°C, and β2 at ca. 400°C. Analyses of flash desorption, work-function, adsorption kinetics, stoichiometry and mixed adsorption further indicated that the more tightly bound β2 form occupies a deep-trough position. In the present study, ISS polar-angle profiles were taken at an incident energy of 306 eV. With only the β2 state populated, a 3He+ beam parallel to the close-packed 〈111〉 rows was found to scatter from D(ads) with a cutoff angle close to grazing incidence while for the perpendicular direction D(ads) scattering is observed only for angles greater than 18° away from grazing incidence. These measurements are consistent with the corrugated W(211) geometry and with the proposed β2-D trough-site model. 相似文献
99.
John?Ellis Nikolaos?E.?MavromatosEmail author Dimitri?V.?Nanopoulos 《General Relativity and Gravitation》2005,37(10):1665-1670
Generic cosmological models in non-critical string theory have a time-dependent dilaton background at a late epoch. The cosmological
deceleration parameter q
0 is given by the square of the string coupling, g
s
2, up to a negative sign. Hence the expansion of the Universe must accelerate eventually, and the observed value of q
0 corresponds to g
s
2 ∼ 0.6. In this scenario, the string coupling is asymptotically free at large times, but its present rate of change is imperceptibly
small.
First Award in the 2005 Essay Competition of the Gravity Research Foundation. - Ed. 相似文献
100.
Lipton AS Heck RW Sears JA Ellis PD 《Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)》2004,168(1):66-74
Solid-state NMR spectroscopy of half-integer quadrupolar nuclides has received a lot of interest recently with the advent of new methodologies and higher magnetic fields. We present here the extension of our previous low temperature method to an 18.8T system. This new probe entailed a total redesign including a cross coil and variable capacitors that are operational at cryogenic temperatures. The limitations to sensitivity are also discussed; including a new diode network, the utilization of a cryogenic band pass filter, and the consequences of the RF profiles of the coil. Further, details of the spectroscopy of quadrupolar nuclei in a protein are discussed, such as the observation of the outer transitions and how to distinguish them from the desired +/-1/2 transition. 相似文献