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121.
122.
Cyclic cross-polarization from a proton magnetization to 13C and from there back to proton coherences permits the indirect, 13C chemical shift selective detection of hydrocarbon compounds in the proton NMR channel. This excitation technique can be combined with elements of one-, two- or three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging permitting the measurement of time-resolved spatial distributions of hydrocarbon components. Beginning this sort of CYCLCROP mapping experiment with a non-equilibrium distribution of the constituents in the system allows one to study the time evolution of the concentrations of all components that can be identified by characteristic 13C resonance lines. As applications, studies of ingress, mixing, gel formation, transport and metabolism in living plants, long-time inter- and self-diffusion in complex hydrocarbon systems are suggested. As a test experiment, the diffusion of methanol in swollen polymethylmethacrylate was examined. 相似文献
123.
Biros SM Ullrich EC Hof F Trembleau L Rebek J 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2004,126(9):2870-2876
We describe here the synthesis and characterization of a molecular receptor that forms kinetically and thermodynamically stable host-guest complexes in water. This cavitand-based host is composed of a preorganized aromatic pocket whose rim is decorated with four negatively charged carboxylate groups. (1)H NMR and isothermal titration calorimetry have been used to characterize the behavior of the resulting complexes in response to changes in pH, buffer identity, and salt concentration and in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles. 相似文献
124.
This paper summarises the experience we gained while going through an accreditation process in accordance with the requirements of ISO/IEC 17025 Standard. We propose in this paper an initial path finding study stage to evaluate the laboratory's predisposition for, and the benefits of, accreditation. We also present a conceptual framework as part of the path finding study stage to identify and classify different groups of activities in a laboratory into separate business domains. The objective of the study is to assess, for each business domain, the approach, the benefits, costs and implications of working with a systematic QA and then design a priori appropriate working systems tailored to the real needs of each business. Such a study should naturally lead to an appropriate definition of accreditation scope.
相似文献
Elke AnklamEmail: Phone: +32 14 571 316Fax: +32 14 571 783 |
125.
Elke Plnjes Peter Palm Wonchul Lee Matthew D. Chidley Igor V. Adamovich Walter R. Lempert J. William Rich 《Chemical physics》2000,260(3):143
CO/N2, CO/Ar/O2, and CO/N2/O2 gas mixtures are optically pumped using a continuous wave CO laser. Carbon monoxide molecules absorb the laser radiation and transfer energy to nitrogen and oxygen by vibration–vibration energy exchange. Infrared emission and spontaneous Raman spectroscopy are used for diagnostics of optically pumped gases. The experiments demonstrate that strong vibrational disequilibrium can be sustained in diatomic gas mixtures at pressures up to 1 atm, with only a few Watts laser power available. At these conditions, measured first level vibrational temperatures of diatomic species are in the range TV=1900–2300 K for N2, TV=2600–3800 K for CO, and TV=2200–2800 K for O2. The translational–rotational temperature of the gases does not exceed T=700 K. Line-of-sight averaged CO vibrational level populations up to v=40 are inferred from infrared emission spectra. Vibrational level populations of CO (v=0–8), N2 (v=0–4), and O2 (v=0–8) near the axis of the focused CO laser beam are inferred from the Raman spectra of these species. The results demonstrate a possibility of sustaining stable nonequilibrium plasmas in atmospheric pressure air seeded with a few percent of carbon monoxide. The obtained experimental data are compared with modeling calculations that incorporate both major processes of molecular energy transfer and diffusion of vibrationally excited species across the spatially nonuniform excitation region, showing reasonably good agreement. 相似文献
126.
Elke Debroye Prof. Sophie Laurent Prof. Luce Vander Elst Prof. Robert N. Muller Prof. Tatjana N. Parac‐Vogt 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2013,19(47):16019-16028
Six diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) bisamide derivatives functionalized with p‐toluidine (DTPA‐BTolA), 6‐aminocoumarin (DTPA‐BCoumA), 1‐naphthalene methylamine (DTPA‐BNaphA), 4‐ethynylaniline (DTPA‐BEthA), p‐dodecylaniline (DTPA‐BC12PheA) and p‐tetradecyl‐aniline (DTPA‐BC14PheA) were coordinated to dysprosium(III) and the magnetic and optical properties of the complexes were examined in detail. The complexes consisting of amphiphilic ligands (DTPA‐BC12PheA and DTPA‐BC14PheA) were further assembled into mixed micelles. Upon excitation into the ligand levels, the complexes display characteristic DyIII emission with quantum yields of 0.3–0.5 % despite the presence of one water molecule in the first coordination sphere. A deeper insight into the energy‐transfer processes has been obtained by studying the photophysical properties of the corresponding GdIII complexes. Since the luminescence quenching effect is decreased by the intervention of non‐ionic surfactant, quantum yields up to 1 % are obtained for the micelles. The transverse relaxivity r2 per DyIII ion at 500 MHz and 310 K reaches a maximum value of 27.4 s?1 mM ?1 for Dy‐DTPA‐BEthA and 36.0 s?1 mM ?1 for the Dy‐DTPA‐BC12PheA assemblies compared with a value of 0.8 s?1 mM ?1 for Dy‐DTPA. The efficient T2 relaxation, especially at high magnetic field strengths, is sustained by the high magnetic moment of the dysprosium ion, the coordination of water molecules with slow water exchange kinetics and long rotational correlation times. These findings open the way to the further development of bimodal optical and magnetic resonance imaging probes starting from single lanthanide compounds. 相似文献
127.
Fries E 《Analytica chimica acta》2011,(1):2838-68
Stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) was applied to extract benzothiazole (BT) from untreated wastewater using a novel polyacrylate (PA)-coated stir bar (PA Twister®). After extraction, BT was desorbed in a thermal desorption system (TDS) and analysed by GC–MS (gas chromatography–mass spectrometry). The sample contained 30% (w/w) NaCl, the sample temperature was 30 °C and the extraction time was 240 min. Since no filtering or clean-up steps or solvents were necessary SBSE clearly performs better than all previously used extractions techniques for analysing BT in untreated wastewater in terms of easy use, sample throughput and analytical costs. In addition, matrix effects were small. The calibration curve resulting from the standard addition method was linear with a value of the stability index (R2) of 0.999 (n = 3). A good inter-day repeatability of the method was observed with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 9.8% (n = 6). A low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.256 μg L−1 was achieved using only a small sample volume of 18 mL. Small sample volumes significantly reduce sample transport costs. The concentration of BT in untreated wastewater was determined to be 1.04 μg L−1. 相似文献
128.
Ahmed Aced Elke Anklam Klaus-Dieter Asmus Klaus Pohl Richard S. Glass L. Kraig Steffen 《Phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon and the related elements》2013,188(1-4):53-62
Abstract Anodic oxidation of 1,n-halo(alkylthio)alkanes [X-(CH2)n-S-R, X = Cl, Br, I] and l,nhalo(alkylsulfinyl)alkanes [Cl-(CH2)n-S(O)-R] was studied by cyclic voltammetry in anhydrous acetonitrile and by controlled potential electrolyses. The ease of sulfur oxidation was not affected by the alkyl substituents R or the number of methylene groups n in compounds with n > 2. The oxidation of the 1,2-halo(alkylthio)ethanes (n = 2) occurred at slightly higher potentials. The peak potentials decreased slightly in the order Cl > Br > I which is probably due to the electronegativity of the halogen atoms. The investigated anodic oxidation was shown to be a two electron irreversible process. Electrolyses in aqueous acetronitrile led to the corresponding sulfoxides and sulfones in good yields. 相似文献
129.
Katrina McPhillips Deborah M. Waters Cécile Parlet Daniel J. Walsh Elke K. Arendt Patrick G. Murray 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2014,172(4):1747-1762
This work reports the first investigation of Remersonia thermophila hemicellulosic hydrolytic enzyme production, with subsequent purification of an extracellular endo-β-1,4-xylanase (RtXyl) and its application in bread making. The research describes RtXyl purification from sorghum-induced submerged liquid cultures of this moderately thermophilic, aerobic, ascomycete fungus. The purified enzyme is a single subunit protein with a molecular mass of 42 kDa and exhibits glycosyl hydrolase family-10-like activity over a broad pH and temperature range. Optimal activity was measured at pH 6.0 and 65 °C respectively, which is suitable for bread making applications. Substrate specificity studies revealed that RtXyl is purely xylanolytic with no side-activities against other plant polysaccharides. The RtXyl catalytic efficiency (K cat/K m) was highest with oats spelt xylan (810.90 mg mL?1 s?1), wheat arabinoxylan (809.52 mg mL?1 s?1) and beechwood xylan (417.40 mg mL?1 s?1) with less efficiency towards insoluble oats spelt xylan (236.40 mg mL?1 s?1). Hydrolysis products analysed by thin layer chromatography yielded a range of xylosaccharides, predominantly xylotriose and xylobiose. RtXyl application in a basic wheat bread recipe at low dosages (0.297 XU/g) showed its suitability to increase loaf volume by 8.0 % compared with the control bread. RtXyl increased loaf softness by 19.6 % while reducing bread staling by 20.4 % up to 4 days of storage. 相似文献
130.
Bernhard Lamprecht Elke Kraker Martin Sagmeister Stefan Köstler Nicole Galler Harald Ditlbacher Birgit Ungerböck Tobias Abel Torsten Mayr 《固体物理学:研究快报》2011,5(9):344-346
We present a novel optical sensor platform, combining monolithically integrated ring‐like sensor waveguides together with ring‐shaped thin‐film organic photodiodes (OPDs) on one substrate. The OPDs serve as integrated light detectors, simplifying the detection system by minimizing the number of required optical components. The waveguide structures, including a means of coupling light in and out of the waveguides, serve as sensing elements. The functionality of the concept is demonstrated by an integrated carbon dioxide sensor, utilizing absorbance as sensing principle. The integrated optical sensor platform is suitable for the parallel detection of multiple parameters in a single sensor chip using sensor arrays. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献