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PtCo nanoparticles with homogeneous size (around 3–4 nm) have been synthesized in a water-in-oil microemulsion of water/polyethylenglycol–dodecylether (BRIJ®30)/n-heptane. X-ray diffraction study revealed the formation of a cubic phase with a gradual decrease of the cell parameter with increasing cobalt incorporation in the crystalline lattice of platinum. In relation to their magnetic properties, the PtCo nanoparticles present a superparamagnetic behaviour even after annealing, although higher permeability was induced by the thermal treatment. Finally, the electrocatalytic activity of the particles towards oxalic acid oxidation in H2SO4 was evaluated. The Pt74Co26 nanoparticles showed the highest reactivity for this reaction.  相似文献   
94.

Background  

Oxidative stress has been proposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). A plausible source of oxidative stress in nigral dopaminergic neurons is the redox reactions that specifically involve dopamine and produce various toxic molecules, i.e., free radicals and quinone species. α-Synuclein, a protein found in Lewy bodies characteristic of PD, is also thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of PD and point mutations and multiplications in the gene coding for α-synuclein have been found in familial forms of PD.  相似文献   
95.
A standard GC-MS instrument with electron impact ionisation has been used to develop a fast, simple and reliable method for the simultaneous determination of monobutyltin (MBT), dibutyltin (DBT) and tributyltin (TBT) in water samples. Isotope dilution analysis (IDA) is used for the determination of species, taking advantage of a commercially available spike solution containing a mixture of MBT, DBT and TBT enriched in 119Sn. Method detection limits for 100-mL samples were between 0.18 and 0.25 ng L−1 for the three butyltin compounds with typical RSD between 2 and 4% at levels between 100 and 10 ng L−1, respectively. Recovery of tin species in spiked samples (natural water, wastewater and seawater) was quantitative. The stability of butyltin compounds in collected seawater samples was also studied. The addition of a 1% (v/v) glacial acetic acid preserved tin species in the samples for at least 5 days at room temperature. The IDA method was finally implemented in a routine testing laboratory and it was subsequently accredited by the Spanish National Accreditation Body according to the requirements of UNE-EN ISO/IEC 17025.  相似文献   
96.
Experimental results are reported showing that the photocatalytic oxidation of aromatic compounds containing an electron-donor group (EDG) gives rise mainly to ortho- and para-monohydroxy derivatives while in the presence of an electron-withdrawing group (EWG) all the monohydroxy derivatives are obtained.  相似文献   
97.
Histological sections of a patient affected by an important respiratory disease were analysed firstly by optical microscope(OM)—crossed polarisers—to identify the presence of incorporated inorganic particles, with particular attention to the fibrous ones. Then, the particles/fibres that were found were studied both with micro‐Raman spectroscopy and variable‐pressure scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (VP‐SEM/EDS). The two techniques allowed the in situ characterisation of the inorganic phases without disintegration of the organic matter. Micro‐Raman spectroscopy was able to identify the vibrating chemical groups of the mineral phase associated with the inorganic grain while the crystalline structure was preserved by the biological system. The VP‐SEM/EDS characterisation, defining the elemental chemical composition of the analysed particle/fibre, allowed confirmation of the mineral phase deducible from spectroscopic data or its identification with certainty when the spectroscopic data were not exhaustive. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
98.
In this paper, we address the stable numerical solution of ill-posed nonlinear least-squares problems with small residual. We propose an elliptical trust-region reformulation of a Levenberg–Marquardt procedure. Thanks to an appropriate choice of the trust-region radius, the proposed procedure guarantees an automatic choice of the free regularization parameters that, together with a suitable stopping criterion, ensures regularizing properties to the method. Specifically, the proposed procedure generates a sequence that even in case of noisy data has the potential to approach a solution of the unperturbed problem. The case of constrained problems is considered, too. The effectiveness of the procedure is shown on several examples of ill-posed least-squares problems.  相似文献   
99.
We consider the case of a uniform plane conductor containing a thin curve-like inhomogeneity of finite conductivity. In this article we prove that the imperfection can be uniquely determined from the boundary measurements of the first order correction term in the asymptotic expansion of the steady state voltage potential as the thickness goes to zero.  相似文献   
100.
In this Paper, we illustrate a method (called the ECO method) for enumerating some classes of combinatorial objects. The basic idea of this method is the following: by means of an operator that performs a "local expansion" on the objects, we give some recursive constructions of these classes. We use these constructions to deduce some new funtional equations verified by classes' generating functions. By solving the functional equations, we enumerate the combinatorial objects according to various parameters. We show some applications of the method referring to some classical combinatorial objects, such as: trees, paths, polyminoes and permutations  相似文献   
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