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91.
Let R be a commutative Noetherian ring. It is shown that the finitely generated R-module M with finite Gorenstein dimension is reflexive if and only if M p is reflexive for p ∈ Spec(R) with depth(R p) ? 1, and $G - {\dim _{{R_p}}}$ (M p) ? depth(R p) ? 2 for p ∈ Spec(R) with depth(R p) ? 2. This gives a generalization of Serre and Samuel’s results on reflexive modules over a regular local ring and a generalization of a recent result due to Belshoff. In addition, for n ? 2 we give a characterization of n-Gorenstein rings via Gorenstein dimension of the dual of modules. Finally it is shown that every R-module has a k-torsionless cover provided R is a k-Gorenstein ring. 相似文献
92.
93.
Solar UV irradiation and dermal photoaging. 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
M Wlaschek I Tantcheva-Poór L Naderi W Ma L A Schneider Z Razi-Wolf J Schüller K Scharffetter-Kochanek 《Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology》2001,63(1-3):41-51
The skin is increasingly exposed to ambient UV-irradiation thus increasing risks for photooxidative damage with long-term detrimental effects like photoaging, characterized by wrinkles, loss of skin tone and resilience. Photoaged skin displays alterations in the cellular component and extracellular matrix with accumulation of disorganized elastin and its microfibrillar component fibrillin in the deep dermis and a severe loss of interstitial collagens, the major structural proteins of the dermal connective tissue. The unifying pathogenic agents for these changes are UV-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) which deplete and damage non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant defense systems of the skin. As well as causing permanent genetic changes, ROS activate cytoplasmic signal transduction pathways in resident fibroblasts that are related to growth, differentiation, senescence and connective tissue degradation. This review focuses on the role of UV-induced ROS in the photodamage of the skin resulting in clinical and biochemical characteristics of photoaging. In addition, the relationship of photoaging to intrinsic aging of the skin will be briefly discussed. A decrease in the overall ROS load by efficient sunscreens or other protective agents may represent promising strategies to prevent or at least minimize ROS-induced photoaging. 相似文献
94.
1,2‐Diazepinone derivatives 6a–d, 8a,b, and 10a–c were synthesized from the reaction of olefines carrying EWG as ethoxymethylene malononitrile, ethoxymethylene cyanoacetate, and tetracyanoethylene with 1a–f respectively. Also, 5‐alkyl‐6‐oxotetrahydropyridazine‐4,4‐dicarboxylate derivatives 12a–c were afforded via the reaction of 1d–f with diethyl ethoxymethylene malonate. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:259–264, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/hc.20294 相似文献
95.
The Flory-Huggins interaction parameter (χ∞1,2) and solubility parameter (δ2) and its hydrogen bonding sensing component (δh) were determined using inverse gas chromatography (IGC). These parameters were successfully used in the probes of chemical changes that occur during the oxidation of naphthenic and paraffinic base oils in a GC column. Changes in χ∞1,2 values reflect the different types of intermolecular interactions (dispersive, polar, hydrogen bonding) of the given lubricating base oil during oxidation. The obtained results showed that δh component of solubility parameter is the most important parameter for probing the oxidative-chemical changes during the oxidation of given lubricating oils. 相似文献
96.
Three new oxime‐based palladacycles, namely [Pd{C,N‐C6H4{C(Me)?NOH}‐2}(dppm)]ClO4 ( 1 ), [Pd2{C,N‐C6H4{C(Me)?NOH}‐2}2(dppe)2(μ‐dppe)](ClO4)2 ( 2 ) and [Pd{C,N‐C6H4{C(Me)?NOH}‐2}(dppmS2)]ClO4 ( 3 ), were synthesized by the reaction of dinuclear oxime complex [Pd{C,N‐C6H4{C(Me)?NOH}‐2}(μ‐Cl)]2 with different diphosphine ligands (dppm, dppe and dppmS2). The synthesized complexes were characterized using Fourier transform infrared, 31P NMR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopic methods and elemental analyses, and their molecular structures were elucidated using X‐ray crystallography. The structure of 2 is worthy of note as it is the first oxime palladacycle where there are both bridging (P–) and chelating (P^P) dppe ligands, giving rise to a dinuclear complex. The palladium atom is in a five‐coordinate, square pyramidal P3NC environment, while in 3 the palladium atom is in a distorted square planar environment, coordinated by the oxime ligand and a chelating (S^S) dppmS2 ligand. These complexes were employed as efficient catalysts for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction of several aryl bromides with phenylboronic acid. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the compounds was also evaluated against human tumour cell lines (HT29, A549 and HeLa) using the MTT assay method. The results indicate that the dinuclear complex 2 has greater catalytic and anticancer activity in comparison with the mononuclear complexes 1 and 3 . 相似文献
97.
In this research a novel and efficient procedure for the preparation of phosphonate derivatives using the reaction of 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone, isopropenylacetylene, 2-amino-N-alkyl benzamide, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates and trimethyl phosphite or triphenyl phosphite in the presence of reusable 2D ZnO/Fe3O4 nanocomposites in water at room temperature was investigated. The 2D ZnO/Fe3O4 nanocomposites were synthesized using ionic liquid [OMIM]Br as a stabilizer and soft template. In addition, the power of antioxidant for some prepared compounds was studied using trapping of radicals by DPPH and a ferric reduction activity potential experiment. As a result, compound 6f displayed a noteworthy power for trapping of free radicals and 6b exhibited excellent reducing power compared with standards (BHT and TBHQ). Moreover, the antimicrobial power of some prepared quinazolinone phosphonates was proved by employing the disk diffusion experiment on two kinds of bacteria, Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. The obtained outcomes of disk diffusion test showed that these compounds prevented bacterial growth. Some advantages of this procedure are: short time of reaction, high yields of product and easy separation of catalyst and products. 相似文献
98.
99.
Nouri Parouch Ahmad Koukabi Nadiya Abdous Elham 《Research on Chemical Intermediates》2020,46(7):3295-3310
Research on Chemical Intermediates - In the present study, a magnetically separable potent solid acid nanocatalyst with a facile preparation technique was fabricated via incorporation of fibroin as... 相似文献
100.
The question of heterobicycloconjugation among certain newly prepared symmetrically benzannulated 9-heterobicyclo[4.2.1]nona-2.4.7-trienes (3) was examined by 13C-NMR with results entirely supportive of the simple theoretical operatives developed earlier. 相似文献