Diffusion Imaging with HyperpolarizedHe Gas

We used MRI of hyperpolarized³He to demonstrate some novel aspects of gas diffusion. Two different techniques were used. First, a slice was burned into a one-dimensional image by inverting the spins in the slice and diffusion was studied by measuring the magnetization as it filled the depleted slice. A diffusion coefficient was determined by the fit of these data. Second, one-dimensional diffusion images were made using a Stejskal–Tanner PGSE method. This was done with and without a temperature gradient present, showing that the effect of temperature can be dynamically monitored by such diffusion images.     

A new synthetic method for 7α-methoxycephalosporins

A new synthetic route for 7α-methoxy-7β-acylaminocephalosporins is described.     

Sensor for free fatty acids based on acyl coenzyme-a synthetase and acyl coenzyme-a oxidase

The measurement is based on monitoring dissolved oxgyen consumed by the two sequential reactions catalyzed by the enzymes immobilized in photo-cross-linkable poly (vinyl alcohol) resin (PVA-SbQ). A linear correlation was observed between current decrease and 0.3–2.6 mM oleic or palmitic acid. The sensor was stable in use for three days and could be used to monitor the freshness of oily food.     

A new convenient synthesis of γ-keto-sulfoxide

γ-Keto-sulfoxides have been very conveniently synthesized through a series of reactions from commercially available acrolein. They were obtained as crystals and shown to be effective as the vinyl ketone equivalents.     

Diffusion of silver associated with photodoping into amorphous chalcogenides

The photo-enhanced reaction between metallic silver and amorphous chalcogenides is known as “photodoping”. Diffusion of silver in chalcogenides associated with photodoping has been investigated by an optical edge tracing technique using a microscopic spectrophotometer. It is suggested that the photodoping with silver involves two different steps; a photochemical reaction between metallic silver and chalcogenides by the aid of photo-excitation of chalcogenides and the diffusion of silver in the doped region. The amount of the silver diffusing through the doped region is about 20% of the maximum amount of the silver dissolved in the chalcogenide layer. Diffusion of silver in a chalcogenide containing sulfur or germanium is very slow compared with that in a chalcogenide containing selenium or tellerium, indicating that the diffusion rate of silver greatly depends upon the chemical composition of the chalcogenide. Further, the diffusion of silver in As₂Se₃ film proceeds at least 100 times faster with light of 4 mW/cm² and 380 nm in wavelength than it does in the dark. It is also confirmed that light excitation in the region doped with silver effectively causes photodoping.     

Nanoparticle injection to single animal cells using femtosecond laser-induced impulsive force

An impulsive force, which was generated by focusing tightly a femtosecond laser into a cell culture medium, was applied to inject nanoparticles into local areas of a single mouse fibroblast NIH3T3 cell. When the impulsive force was induced near the cell, the nanoparticles adhering on the cell membrane were introduced, which was directly confirmed by confocal fluorescence microscopy.     

Orlicz-Hardy spaces and their duals

We establish the theory of Orlicz-Hardy spaces generated by a wide class of functions.The class will be wider than the class of all the N-functions.In particular,we consider the non-smooth atomic decomposition.The relation between Orlicz-Hardy spaces and their duals is also studied.As an application,duality of Hardy spaces with variable exponents is revisited.This work is different from earlier works about Orlicz-Hardy spaces H(Rn)in that the class of admissible functions is largely widened.We can deal with,for example,(r)≡(rp1(log(e+1/r))q1,0r 6 1,rp2(log(e+r))q2,r1,with p1,p2∈(0,∞)and q1,q2∈(.∞,∞),where we shall establish the boundedness of the Riesz transforms on H(Rn).In particular,is neither convex nor concave when 0p11p2∞,0p21p1∞or p1=p2=1 and q1,q20.If(r)≡r(log(e+r))q,then H(Rn)=H(logH)q(Rn).We shall also establish the boundedness of the fractional integral operators I of order∈(0,∞).For example,I is shown to be bounded from H(logH)1./n(Rn)to Ln/(n.)(log L)(Rn)for 0n.     

Cobalt-catalyzed coupling of alkyl Grignard reagent with benzamide and 2-phenylpyridine derivatives through directed C-H bond activation under air

Aromatic carboxamides and 2-phenylpyridine derivatives can be ortho-alkylated with Grignard reagents in the presence of a cobalt catalyst and DMPU as a ligand. The reaction proceeds smoothly at room temperature, using air as the sole oxidant. The dialkylated product is selectively obtained when N-methylcarboxamide is employed as a substrate, whereas N-phenyl- or N-isopropylcarboxamide preferentially gives the monoalkylated product.