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781.
Jesus Lozano Ehsan Saadat Xiaojuan Li Sharmila Majumdar C. Benjamin Ma 《Magnetic resonance imaging》2009
Objective
The objective of this study was to develop quantitative T1ρ-weighted magnetic resonance imaging methodology for the detection and characterization of cartilage degeneration in a rabbit anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection model.Methods
The right knee ACLs of 18 adult female New Zealand white rabbits were transected. The left knee joint served as a sham control. The rabbits were euthanized at 3 (Group 1), 6 (Group 2) and 12 (Group 3) weeks postoperatively. High-resolution 3D fat-saturated spoiled gradient echo images and T1ρ-weighted images were obtained in both the sagittal and axial planes at 3 T using a quadrature wrist coil. Following MR analysis, histological slides from the lateral femoral condyle cartilage were graded using the Mankin grading system.Results
For all three groups, the average overall T1ρ values were significantly higher in the ACL-transected knee compared to control knee, and the percentage differences in T1ρ values between ACL-transected and control increased with the duration of time after transection. The average Mankin score for ACL-transected knees was higher than that for control for each time point, but this difference was statistically significant only for all groups combined.Conclusions
This study demonstrates the feasibility of using T1ρ-weighted imaging as a useful tool in the detection and quantification of cartilage damage in all knee compartments in an ACL-transected rabbit model of cartilage degeneration. 相似文献782.
Saif Ullah Pablo A. Denis Fernando Sato 《International journal of quantum chemistry》2019,119(18):e25975
We investigate, by means of first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculation, the possibility of using hexagonal boron-arsenide (h-BAs) as an anode material for alkali-based batteries. We show that the adsorption strength of alkali atoms (Li, Na, and K) on h-BAs in comparison with graphene and other related materials changes a little as a function of alkali atom concentration. When the separation between alkali atoms and h-BAs is less than the critical distance of ~5 Å, the adsorption energy abruptly increases showing fast adsorption without an energy barrier. Furthermore, the low energy barriers of 0.322, 0.187, and 0.0.095 eV for Li, Na, and K, respectively, ensure the fast ionic diffusivities for all the three alkali atoms. Additionally, the addition of these alkali atoms transforms the electronic properties of h-BAs from semiconducting to metallic, resulting in improved electronic conductivities. Most interestingly, the excellent storage capacities of h-BAs (~626 mAh/g) for alkali atoms make it a material of similar caliber to that of other popular anode materials. Finally, the average open circuit voltages are calculated and found to be in the desired range. In short, h-BAs possess every quality that is crucial for an anode material and thus it is interesting to see h-BAs in alkali-based battery technologies. 相似文献
783.
Bibi A. Shah T. Sadiq A. Khalid N. Ullah F. Iqbal A. 《Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry》2019,55(11):1749-1754
Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry - N-Substituted succinimides having different alkyl groups were prepared by the reaction of N-substituted maleimide with aldehydes. A two-component catalyst... 相似文献
784.
Muhammad Ehsan Ashwani Kumar Jonas S. Mortensen Yang Du Parameswaran Hariharan Kaavya K. Kumar Betty Ha Bernadette Byrne Lan Guan Brian K. Kobilka Claus J. Loland Pil Seok Chae 《化学:亚洲杂志》2019,14(11):1926-1931
We prepared an amphiphile with a penta‐phenylene lipophilic group and a branched trimaltoside head group. This new agent, designated penta‐phenylene maltoside (PPM), showed a marked tendency to self‐assembly into micelles via strong aromatic–aromatic interactions in aqueous media, as evidenced by 1H NMR spectroscopy and fluorescence studies. When utilized for membrane protein studies, this new agent was superior to DDM, a gold standard conventional detergent, in stabilizing multiple proteins long term. The ability of this agent to form aromatic–aromatic interactions is likely responsible for enhanced protein stabilization when associated with a target membrane protein. 相似文献
785.
In this study, an efficient hybrid continuum‐atomistic method is proposed to study electrokinetic transport of aqueous solutions in nanofluidics. The aqueous phase is considered as a continuous phase containing immersed ion particles. The behavior of the system is then simulated through utilization of an improved hybrid continuum‐atomistic four‐way coupled approach, including the MultiPhase Particle‐In‐Cell method for the short‐ranged interaction between the ion particles, the Brownian force for the collision between the aqueous phase molecules and the ion particles, and a wall force accounting for the short‐ranged interaction of ions and walls. The validation of the proposed model with the results of Molecular Dynamics simulations suggests that this model can be a promising approach for studying the electrokinetic phenomena in more complicated geometries where the Molecular Dynamics approach is computationally prohibitive. Finally, the effects of electrokinetic parameters, such as the height of the channel, the external electric field, and bulk ionic concentration, on the electroosmotic flow in a nanochannel are investigated and discussed. 相似文献
786.
Saeed Ullah Jan Sami Ul Haq Syed Inayat Ali Shah Ilyas Khan Muhammad Atif Khan 《理论物理通讯》2019,71(6):647-657
This work is focused on the effect of heat and mass transfer with unsteady natural convection flow of viscous fluid along with ramped wall temperature under the assumption of the slip wall condition at the boundary. Analytical solutions are obtained by using Laplace transformation to the non-dimensional set of governing equations containing velocity, temperature and concentration. Moreover, the expression for skin-friction is derived by differentiating the analytical solutions of fluid velocity. Numerical tables for Skin-friction, Sherwood number and Nusselt-number are examined. For the physical aspects of the flow, we use various values of involved physical parameters such as Prandtl number (Pr), slip parameter ($\eta$), Schmidt number (Sc), buoyancy ratio parameter ($N$), Sherwood number (Sh), and time $(t)$. Additionally, the general solutions are plotted graphically and a comprehensive theoretical section of numerical discussions is included. 相似文献
787.
In this paper,the magnetohydrodynamic 3 D flow of Prandtl nanoliquid subject to convectively heated extendable surface has been discussed.A linear stretching surface makes the flow.Thermophoretic and Brownian motion impacts are explored.Heat transfer for convective procedure is considered.Prandtl liquid is taken electrically conducted through applied magnetic field.Suitable non-dimensional variables lead to strong nonlinear ordinary differential system.The obtained nonlinear differential systems are solved through optimal homotopic technique.Physical quantities like skin friction coefficients and Nusselt number are explored via plots.It is observed that effects of Hartman parameter and Biot number on temperature and concentration are quite similar.Both temperature and concentration are enhanced for larger values of Hartman parameter and Biot number. 相似文献
788.
The flow characteristics of an unsteady axisymmetric two-dimensional (2D) blood flow in a diseased porous arterial segment
with flexible walls are investigated. The arterial walls mimic the irregular constrictions whereas the lumen containing the
thrombus, cholesterol, and fatty plaques represents the porous medium. The governing equations with appropriate initial and
boundary conditions are solved numerically using MAC method. The discretization is done on staggered grid with non-uniform
grid size and pressure-poisson equation is solved following SOR method. The pressure and velocity corrections are made cyclically
until the steady state is achieved. It is observed that for decreasing permeability, flow is highly decelerated while pressure
drop and wall shear stress increases. The separation zones and re-circulation regions are found for severe stenoses. Flow
separation and re-circulation diminishes for decreasing permeability of the porous medium. Comparisons are provided with published
experimental and numerical results. 相似文献
789.
An experimental and numerical study has been carried out to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of a horizontal
circular cylinder exposed to a slot jet impingement of air. A square-edged nozzle is mounted parallel with the cylinder axis
and jet flow impinges on the bottom of the cylinder. The study is focused on low Reynolds numbers ranging from 120 to 1,210,
Grashof numbers up to Gr = 10Re
2 and slot-to-cylinder spacing from 2 to 8 of the slot width. The flow field is greatly influenced by the slot exit velocity
and the buoyancy force due to density change. A Mach–Zehnder Interferometer is used for measurement of local Nusselt number
around the cylinder at 10° interval. It is observed that the average Nusselt number decreases with increasing the jet spacing
and increases with rising the Reynolds number. A finite volume method utilizing a curvilinear coordinate transformation is
used for numerical modeling. The numerical results show good agreement with the experimental results. The flow and thermal
field are seen to be stable and symmetric around the cylinder over the range of parameters studied. 相似文献
790.
Polyamide-6/poly(epichlorohydrin - co - ethylene oxide) (PA6/ECO) nanocomposites were prepared with 6 wt.% organoclay and different ECO content from 5 to 40 wt.%,
via two-step melt blending process. The effects of organoclay and rubber content on the morphological and rheological properties
of samples have been studied. Samples have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM),
and rheometry in small amplitude oscillatory shear. XRD results indicate that the nanoclay platelets are partially exfoliated
in both PA6 and ECO phases. The higher rubber content of nanocomposite samples results in higher exfoliation degree of the
nanoclay layers. SEM photomicrographs of samples show that the size of rubber droplets increases by the introducing of nanoclay.
Oscillatory shear measurements show that the storage modulus of nanocomposite samples significantly increases in comparison
with unfilled blends. The formation of physical network is the prime cause of such increase. Moreover, presence of nanoclay
dramatically increases melt yield stress of the samples. Palierne emulsion model has been applied to predict the rheological
behavior of unfilled blends. A quantitative agreement between Palierne model and those of experimental data is found for low
ECO content samples. 相似文献