Determination of the spectral width of Raman gain regions for different far infrared laser gases using a metal mesh Fabry Pérot interferometer

In this paper we report on the determination of the spectral width of Raman gain regions for different far infrared laser gases using a metal mesh Fabry Pérot interferometer. By use of broadband pump radiation emitted from a high pressure CO₂ laser we generated far infrared radiation within the Raman gain regions via stimulated Raman scattering. The spectral width of the far infrared radiation was determined using a Fabry Pérot interferometer in high interference order. We applied the method to study stimulated Raman scattering in D₂O and methylfluoride at different gas pressures.     

Frequency multiplication of microwave radiation in a semiconductor superlattice by electrons capable to perform Bloch oscillations

We report the observation of frequency multiplication of microwave radiation in a GaAs/AlAs semiconductor superlattice at room temperature. We observed, for a fundamental frequency of 9 GHz, second and third harmonic generation. We associate the harmonic generation with a nonlinear current-voltage characteristic that is determined by Bloch oscillations of electrons propagating along the superlattice axis. Our results suggest for the frequency multiplication an upper limit in the tetrahertz frequency range.     

Phonon detection by shallow electronic trap states in luminescent ZnO

High-frequency acoustic phonons are detected in a ZnO crystal by phonon- induced luminescence radiation. Our experiments indicate that this radiation is caused by recombination processes of carriers captured at very shallow traps with an ionization energy of about 4 meV. Propagation of the phonons is studied by a time of flight method.     

Fit of the mixing angles in the six quark model and predictions on theB meson lifetime

Experimental data are used to constrain the parameters of the six quark mixing model and of a composite quark model. A combined fit of the mixing angles in the Kobayashi-Maskawa scheme gives sinθ ₁=0.228±0.011 and error contours around the best values sinθ ₂=0.12 and sinθ ₃≈0. From this, a limit of τ _B >0.35×10^?13 s for the mean lifetime of bottom-flavoured hadrons is obtained. For the composite quark model of Katsumata and Tomozawa, a value of τ _B =(0.22?0.23)10_?13 s is derived.     

Charm fragmentation function—a comparison of neutrino ande + e − data

Experimental data on the fragmentation of charmed quarks produced in neutrino ande ⁺ e ^? reactions are compared. The resulting hard fragmentation functions agree mutually. They are parametrized in two ways suggested by kinematical considerations.     

The rapidity structure of Mach cones and other large angle correlations in heavy-ion collisions

The pattern of angular correlations of hadrons with a (semi-)hard trigger hadron in heavy-ion collisions has attracted considerable interest. In particular, unexpected large angle structures on the away side (opposite to the trigger) have been found. Several explanations have been brought forward, among them Mach shockwaves and Cherenkov radiation. Most of these scenarios are characterized by radial symmetry around the parton axis, thus angular correlations also determine the rapidity dependence of the correlation. If the observed correlations are remnants of an away side parton after interaction with the medium created in the collision, pQCD allows to calculate the distribution P(y)$P(y)$ of the away side partons in rapidity. The measured correlation then arises as a folding of P(y)$P(y)$ and the rapidity structure of the correlation taking into account the detector acceptance. This places non-trivial and rather stringent constraints on the underlying scenario. We investigate these dependences and demonstrate that Mach shockwaves survive this folding procedure well whereas Cherenkov radiation scenarios face new challenges.     

Note on the impact parameter analysis of high-energy proton-proton collisions

Following a prior analysis of measured pp elastic differential cross-sections, the impact parameter representation in terms of profile functions is calculated from two different parametrizations of single diffractive dissociation data. The derivative of this quantity, with respect to the collision energy squared s, measures the growth rate of the reaction's blackness. Its distribution in impact parameter space allows detailed insight into the growth pattern of the total diffractive cross-section and the approaching unitarity limit. Comparing the results with the elastic case, the different mechanisms of unitarization of two parametrizations are discussed. Received: 19 January 2001 / Accepted: 11 July 2001