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101.
102.
103.
Background
Growth hormone (GH) plays an incompletely understood role in the development of the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we use transgenic mice expressing a growth hormone antagonist (GHA) to explore the role of GH in regulating postnatal brain, spinal cord and body growth into adulthood. The GHA transgene encodes a protein that inhibits the binding of GH to its receptor, specifically antagonizing the trophic effects of endogenous GH. 相似文献104.
Anwar M Bailey JH Dickinson LC Edwards HJ Goswami R Moloney MG 《Organic & biomolecular chemistry》2003,1(13):2364-2376
Alkylation reactions using alpha-halolactams or lactam enolates derived from bicyclic lactam templates can proceed with high endo- or exo- diastereoselectivity respectively. In the latter case, stereochemical correction by means of enolate generation and hindered phenol quench is possible with moderate efficiency. This protocol has been applied to the synthesis of protected penmacric acid and its analogues. 相似文献
105.
Lainton JA Allen MC Burton M Cameron S Edwards TR Harden G Hogg R Leung W Miller S Morrish JJ Rooke SM Wendt B 《Journal of combinatorial chemistry》2003,5(4):400-407
Efficient and general procedures have been developed for the solution-phase preparation of substituted morpholine derivatives, and a library has been produced around generic structure 1. This library was designed with proprietary modeling software for use as a general screening library. The 30 R1 reagents were phenols, and the 275 R2 reagents were taken from five different reagent classes, giving a variety of product classes in the final library of 8250 potential products. All of the library members were generated from a common intermediate, mesylate (5), which was synthesized efficiently, in bulk, in three steps from N-benzylethanolamine (2). High-throughput chemistry using robotics was carried out to produce the 7907 library members, which were individually characterized by reversed-phase LC/MS analysis. 相似文献
106.
Eisenstein BI Ernst J Gladding GE Gollin GD Hans RM Johnson E Karliner I Marsh MA Plager C Sedlack C Selen M Thaler JJ Williams J Edwards KW Sadoff AJ Ammar R Bean A Besson D Zhao X Anderson S Frolov VV Kubota Y Lee SJ Poling R Smith A Stepaniak CJ Urheim J Ahmed S Alam MS Athar SB Jian L Ling L Saleem M Timm S Wappler F Anastassov A Eckhart E Gan KK Gwon C Hart T Honscheid K Hufnagel D Kagan H Kass R Pedlar TK Thayer JB von Toerne E Zoeller MM Richichi SJ Severini H Skubic P Undrus A Savinov V 《Physical review letters》2001,87(6):061801
Using 12.7 fb(-1) of data collected with the CLEO detector at CESR, we observed two-photon production of the cc states chi(c0) and chi(c2) in their decay to pi(+)pi(-)pi(+)pi(-). We measured gamma(gammagamma)(chi(c))xB(chi(c)-->pi(+)pi(-)pi(+)pi(-)) to be 75+/-13(stat)+/-8(syst) eV for the chi(c0) and 6.4+/-1.8(stat)+/-0.8(syst) eV for the chi(c2), implying gamma(gammagamma)(chi(c0)) = 3.76+/-0.65(stat)+/-0.41(syst)+/-1.69(br) keV and gamma(gammagamma)(chi(c2)) = 0.53+/-0.15(stat)+/-0.06(syst)+/-0.22(br) keV. Also, cancellation of dominant experimental and theoretical uncertainties permits a precise comparison of gamma(gammagamma)(chi(c0))/gamma(gammagamma)(chi(c2)), evaluated to be 7.4+/-2.4(stat)+/-0.5(syst)+/-0.9(br), with QCD-based predictions. 相似文献
107.
108.
The explosive growth in knowledge of the genome of humans and other organisms leaves open the question of how the functioning of genes in interacting networks is coordinated for orderly activity. One approach to this problem is to study mathematical properties of abstract network models that capture the logical structures of gene networks. The principal issue is to understand how particular patterns of activity can result from particular network structures, and what types of behavior are possible. We study idealized models in which the logical structure of the network is explicitly represented by Boolean functions that can be represented by directed graphs on n-cubes, but which are continuous in time and described by differential equations, rather than being updated synchronously via a discrete clock. The equations are piecewise linear, which allows significant analysis and facilitates rapid integration along trajectories. We first give a combinatorial solution to the question of how many distinct logical structures exist for n-dimensional networks, showing that the number increases very rapidly with n. We then outline analytic methods that can be used to establish the existence, stability and periods of periodic orbits corresponding to particular cycles on the n-cube. We use these methods to confirm the existence of limit cycles discovered in a sample of a million randomly generated structures of networks of 4 genes. Even with only 4 genes, at least several hundred different patterns of stable periodic behavior are possible, many of them surprisingly complex. We discuss ways of further classifying these periodic behaviors, showing that small mutations (reversal of one or a few edges on the n-cube) need not destroy the stability of a limit cycle. Although these networks are very simple as models of gene networks, their mathematical transparency reveals relationships between structure and behavior, they suggest that the possibilities for orderly dynamics in such networks are extremely rich and they offer novel ways to think about how mutations can alter dynamics. (c) 2000 American Institute of Physics. 相似文献
109.
G.C. Edwards S.H. Choy H.L.W. Chan D.A. Scott A. Batten 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2007,88(1):209-215
Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics with the formula 0.90(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 - 0.05(Bi0.5K0.5)TiO3 - 0.015(Bi0.5Li0.5)TiO3-0.05BaTiO3 (abbreviated as BNKLBT-1.5) were prepared by a conventional mixed-oxide method. A disc of this material was fabricated and
used to construct an ultrasonic transducer suitable for use in non-destructive evaluation (NDE). Using a laser vibrometer,
it was observed that both BNKLBT and PZT exhibited a surface displacement pattern indicative of coupling of the radial mode
vibration with the thickness mode vibration. This is consistent with the measurements of electrical impedance vs frequency
which showed that for both discs a strong radial mode with many harmonics was clearly observed and many (usually undesired)
modes existed near the thickness mode resonance frequency. The discs were mounted in stainless steel housings with appropriate
electrical connections to form transducers. Tungsten/epoxy backing was incorporated to provide a very short ring-down time,
a characteristic required for many NDE applications. The characteristics of the BNKLBT transducer were quite similar to that
of a PZT transducer of similar structure, showing that this lead-free material has the potential to replace PZT in transducers
for NDE applications.
PACS 43.20.Tb; 43.20.Ye; 43.35.Zc; 43.35.Yb; 43.38.Ar; 43.35.Fx 相似文献
110.
Anurag Gupta Bruce C. Kim Eugene Edwards Christina Brantley Paul Ruffin 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2012,107(3):709-714
In this work, we synthesize hierarchical ZnO nanowires in a customized atmospheric CVD furnace and investigate their surface modification behavior for prospective nitroaromatic sensing applications. The morphology and crystal structure of pristine nanowires are characterized through FE-SEM, TEM, X-ray diffraction and EDAX studies. Photoluminescence behavior of pristine nanowires is also reported. Surface modification behavior of synthesized nanowires on a ZnO–oleic acid system is studied by utilizing Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy. Based on these findings, 1-pyrenebutyric acid (PBA) has been identified as an appropriate fluorescent receptor for sensing p-nitrophenol. Fluorescence quenching experiments on a PBA–p-nitrophenol system are reported and a detection limit of up to 28 ppb is envisaged for PBA-grafted ZnO nanowire-based optical sensor. 相似文献