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61.
Edwards CA Zavoshy R Khanna S Slater C Morrison DJ Preston T Weaver LT 《Isotopes in environmental and health studies》2002,38(3):139-147
Stable isotope breath tests offer a new approach to the study of digestion and fermentation of carbohydrates in man. In this study, 13C labelled peas were grown by pulsing 250 ml 13CO2 into a sealed growth chamber. A second pulse was added to a portion of the peas to increase the 13C enrichment. This generated pea flour with an enrichment of 2.36 at.% excess (range 2.09-2.71 n = 3) and 8.64 atom % excess (range 7.37-9.78 n = 3) respectively. This represented incorporation of an absolute yield of 3.8% of the 13CO2 into peas in the 'once-labelled' treatment and 7.5% in the 'twice-labelled' treatment. Ingestion of a mixture of the labelled pea flour (300 mg) by two volunteers generated measurable 13CO2 excretion for breath test analysis. The profile of breath 13CO2 enrichment increased to a maximum within three hours after consuming the pea flour followed by a decrease almost back to baseline by 13 hours. Breath 13CO2 appeared to rise again after this apparent nadir at 13 hours until the end of the sampling period. Mathematical analysis of the data suggested that two peaks best described the profile of breath 13CO2 up to 13 hours. A third peak was necessary to describe the late rise in breath 13CO2 enrichment. This use of 13C enriched pea flour may provide a useful non invasive method for measurement of digestion and fermentation in vivo. 相似文献
62.
Geoffrey B Edwards Kaoru Yamanouchi Kozo Kuchitsu Masaaki Sugie Harutoshi Takeo Chi Matsumura Keiichiro Ogawa Yoshito Takeuchi 《Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy》1985,111(2):301-319
The microwave spectrum of 1-pyrroline has been measured from 8 to 48 GHz. The transitions have been assigned to those of the ground state and the four lowest excited states of the ring-puckering vibration of monomer, which is a five-membered ring molecule with one CN double bond. The trimer, which exists in the liquid phase, has not been detected in the gas phase. The geometrical structure of the monomer has been estimated by an ab initio calculation and the trimer by a molecular mechanics calculation. The former is consistent with the experimental rotational constants. A gas-phase infrared spectrum has also been measured, and the ring-puckering potential has been determined by an analysis of the combination bands of the ring-puckering mode and the ring-stretching modes. The potential is described using a puckering coordinate, z, as V(z) = az2 + bz4, where and ; these values are intermediate of the corresponding values for cyclopentene and 1-pyrazoline. The nuclear quadrupole coupling constants, χaa = ?4.39(10), χbb = 1.04(10), and χcc = 3.35(10) MHz, have been determined by an analysis of well-resolved hyperfine splittings. These constants have been reproduced by an ab initio calculation with a 4-31G(N1) basis set. 相似文献
63.
There are essentially two schools of thought regarding the function of decision support systems. One is that the main purpose is to support the decision-maker in whatever style of decision-making he or she wishes. The other is that the support, while suiting the decision-maker's individual style, must also be based on an appropriate theoretical paradigm. The work with students of decision support systems reported here suggests that the latter, normative, view is not one which comes naturally to many of the students, even when working on an example where it seemed relatively easy to incorporate. Other conclusions are also presented, relating to the choice of software for decision support system development, the process of teaching about decision support systems, and group formation. 相似文献
64.
This study describes the application of confocal Raman microscopy to the detection and identification of drugs-of-abuse in situ on undyed natural synthetic fibres, and coloured textile specimens. Raman spectra were obtained from drug particles trapped between the fibres of the specimens. Pure samples of cocaine hydrochloride and N-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxy-amphetamine HCl (MDMA-HCl) were used in this study. Raman spectra were collected from drug particles of an average size in the range 5-15 μm. Despite the presence of spectral bands arising from the natural and synthetic polymer and dyed textiles, the drugs could be identified by their characteristic Raman bands. If necessary, interfering bands could be successfully removed by spectral subtraction. Furthermore, Raman spectra were recorded from drug particles trapped between the fibres of highly fluorescent specimens. Interference from the fibres, including background fluorescence, was overcome by careful focusing of the confocal beam and the resulting spectra allow ready differentiation from interference from the fibres substrate bands. Spectra of several drugs-of-abuse on dyed and undyed clothing substrates were readily obtained within 3 min with little or no sample preparation and with no alteration of the evidential material. 相似文献
65.
The tetracycline aptamer is an in vitro selected RNA that binds to the antibiotic with the highest known affinity of an artificial RNA for a small molecule (Kd approximately 0.8 nM). It is one of few aptamers known to be capable of modulating gene expression in vivo. The 2.2 A resolution cocrystal structure of the aptamer reveals a pseudoknot-like fold formed by tertiary interactions between an 11 nucleotide loop and the minor groove of an irregular helix. Tetracycline binds within this interface as a magnesium ion chelate. The structure, together with previous biochemical and biophysical data, indicates that the aptamer undergoes localized folding concomitant with tetracycline binding. The three-helix junction, h-shaped architecture of this artificial RNA is more complex than those of most aptamers and is reminiscent of the structures of some natural riboswitches. 相似文献
66.
A miniature ion trap mass analyzer was applied to the analysis of traces of hydrocarbons and simple heteroatomics in the vapor phase and in aqueous solution. Vapors of acetone, acetic acid, acetonitrile, benzene, butanethiol, carbon disulfide, hexane, dichloromethane, naphthalene, toluene and xylenes were detected and quantified using solid sorbent trapping and, in some cases, by passage through a membrane interface. Aqueous solutions of benzene, toluene, xylenes, hexane and a petroleum naphtha distillate were examined using the membrane interface. Sampling, detection and identification of all compounds was completed in times of less than one minute. The gas-phase samples of toluene and benzene were detected at 200 ppt (limit of detection, LOD) for toluene and 600 ppt for benzene. Identification of benzene and xylene in aqueous solutions was readily achieved with LODs of 200 and 400 ppb, respectively. Quantification over a linear dynamic range of two orders of magnitude for the aqueous samples and three orders of magnitude for the vapor-phase samples was demonstrated. 相似文献
67.
68.
Tyler R. Priddy-Arrington Reagan E. Edwards Claire E. Colley Marissa M. Nguyen Tess Hamilton-Adaire Mary E. Caldorera-Moore 《Macromolecular bioscience》2023,23(6):2200505
In recent years, there has been an increased interest in injectable, in situ crosslinking hydrogels due to their minimally invasive application and ability to conform to their environment. Current in situ crosslinking chitosan hydrogels are either mechanically robust with poor biocompatibility and limited biodegradation due to toxic crosslinking agents or the hydrogels are mechanically weak and undergo biodegradation too rapidly due to insufficient crosslinking. Herein, the authors developed and characterized a thermally-driven, injectable chitosan-genipin hydrogel capable of in situ crosslinking at 37 °C that is mechanically robust, biodegradable, and maintain high biocompatibility. The natural crosslinker genipin is utilized as a thermally-driven, non-toxic crosslinking agent. The chitosan-genipin hydrogel's crosslinking kinetics, injectability, viscoelasticity, swelling and pH response, and biocompatibility against human keratinocyte cells are characterized. The developed chitosan-genipin hydrogels are successfully crosslinked at 37 °C, demonstrating temperature sensitivity. The hydrogels maintained a high percentage of swelling over several weeks before degrading in biologically relevant environments, demonstrating mechanical stability while remaining biodegradable. Long-term cell viability studies demonstrated that chitosan-genipin hydrogels have excellent biocompatibility over 7 days, including during the hydrogel crosslinking phase. Overall, these findings support the development of an injectable, in situ crosslinking chitosan-genipin hydrogel for minimally invasive biomedical applications. 相似文献
69.
Positively and negatively charged ionic modifications to cellulose assessed as cotton-based protease-lowering and hemostatic wound agents 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J. V. Edwards Phyllis Howley Nicolette Prevost Brian Condon Judy Arnold Robert Diegelmann 《Cellulose (London, England)》2009,16(5):911-921
Recent developments in cellulose wound dressings targeted to different stages of wound healing have been based on structural
and charge modifications that function to modulate events in the complex inflammatory and hemostatic phases of wound healing.
Hemostasis and inflammation comprise two overlapping but distinct phases of wound healing wherein different dressing material
properties are required to bring pathological events under control when they present as a result of trauma or chronic wounds.
Thus, we have designed cellulose wound dressings with properties that function through modified fiber surface properties to
lower protease levels in the chronic wound and promote clotting in hemorrhaging wounds. With this in mind three finishing
chemistries utilizing traditional pad-dry-cure approaches were explored for their potential to confer charged properties to
cotton dressings. Cellulose dressings designed to remove cationic serine proteases from highly exudative chronic wounds were
created to present negatively charged fibers as an ion exchange mechanism of protease-lowering. Phosphorylated cotton and
polycarboxylic acid crosslinked cotton were prepared to examine their ability to remove human neutrophil elastase (HNE) from
surrogate wound fluid. A cellulose phosphorylation reaction utilizing sodium hexametaphosphate: urea was explored to optimize
cellulose phosphorylation as a function of HNE sequestration efficacy. Acid catalyzed cross linking of cellulose with butane-tetracarboxylic
acid also resulted in a negatively charged dressing that removed HNE from solution more effectively than phosphorylated cellulose.
Collagenase sequestration was also assessed with phosphorylated cellulose and polycarboxylic acid cross linked cellulose derivatives.
Butanetetracarboxylic acid and phosphorylated cellulose functioned to remove collagenase from solution most effectively. Cellulose
dressings designed to accelerate thrombosis and aggregation of blood platelets were prepared with a view to examining derivatized
cotton fibers bearing a net positive charge to promote hemostasis. Cellulose and chitosan dressings bearing an aminoglucan
functionality were created by grafting chitosan on cotton and preparing aminized cotton. The preparation of chitosan-grafted
cotton dressings was completed with a citric acid grafting onto cellulose. Aminized cotton was functionalized as an ethylamino-ether
cellulose derivative. The chitosan-grafted and aminized cotton demonstrated a dose response gelling of citrated sheep blood. 相似文献
70.
Vibrational properties (band position, infrared [IR], and Raman intensities) of C?N stretching mode were studied in 65 gas phase hydrogen‐bonded 1:1 complexes of HCN with OH acids and NH acids using density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP‐6‐311++G(d,p) level. Furthermore, general characteristics of the hydrogen bonds and vibrational changes in acids OH/NH stretching bands were also considered. Experimentally observed blue shift of the C?N stretching band promoted by hydrogen bonding, which shortens the triple bond length, is very well reproduced and quantitatively depends on the hydrogen bond length. Both IR and Raman ν(C?N) band intensities are enhanced, also in good agreement with the experimental results. IR intensity increase is a direct function of the hydrogen bond energy. However, the predicted Raman intensity raise is a more complex function, depending simultaneously on characteristics of both the hydrogen bond (C?N bond length) and the H‐donating acid (polarizability). With these two parameters, ν (C?N) Raman intensities of the complexes are explained with a mean error of ±2.4%. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007 相似文献