Synthesis of orellanine the lethal poison of a toadstool

A ten step synthesis of the structure of orellanine, 3,3′,4,4′ - hydroxy-2,2′-bipyridyl-bis-N-oxide (1a), is described which proves the identity of the natural product.     

Duality in Yang’s theory of gravity

The historical route and the current status of a curvature-squared model of gravity, in the affine form proposed by Yang, is briefly reviewed. Due to its inherent scale invariance, it enjoys some advantage for quantization, similarly as internal Yang-Mills fields. However, the exact vacuum solutions with double duality properties exhibit a vacuum degeneracy. By modifying the duality via a scale breaking term, we demonstrate that only the Einstein equations with induced cosmological constant emerge for the classical background, even when coupled to matter sources.     

Benzologs of allopurinol: Synthesis of pyrazolo [4,3-g] and [3,4-f] quinazolinones

Convenient syntheses of pyrazolo [4,3-g]quinazolin-5 (6H) -one (3), its xanthine oxidase metabolite 4 and the [3,4-f] analog 5 have been developed, involving anellation of the pyrimidine ring onto aminoindazolcarboxylic acids 9 and 18, or attachment of the pyrazol portion onto quinazolinone 22 via intramolecular azo coupling.     

The automated assay of SH-groups in the range below 50μmole/l

Summary The manual method of Stockhausen, using 6,6'-dithiodinicotinic acid as a specific reagent for SH-groups, has been modified to give an automated kinetic assay. Readings are performed with the LKB Reaction Rate Analyzer 8600 in a volume of 1–2 ml at a rate of 60 samples per hour. For reduced glutathione (as a standard), concentrations between 3 and 60mole/l can be measured with a mean relative standard deviation of 4.2%; the limit of detection is 1.5mole/l. Interferences are discussed.

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Die automatische Bestimmung von SH-Gruppen in der Gröenordnung unter 50Mol/l

Zusammenfassung Die manuelle Methode von Stockhausen zur Bestimmung von SH-Gruppen mit 6,6'-Dithiodinicotinsäure wurde als Grundlage für ein automatischkinetisches Bestimmungsverfahren verwendet. Die Messung in einem Volumen von 1–2 ml erfolgt im LKB Reaction Rate Analyzer 8600 und mit einer Durchsatzgeschwindigkeit von 60 Proben je Stunde. Bei Verwendung von reduziertem Glutathion als Standard liegt der Meßbereich zwischen 3 und 60Mol/l mit einer durchschnittlichen relativen Standardabweichung von 4,2%; die Erfassungsgrenze liegt bei 1,5Mol/l. Die Störung der Methode durch verschiedene Verbindungen wird diskutiert.

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Presented at the 8th International Microchemical Symposium, Graz, August 25–30, 1980.