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951.
The interactions of Cu(II) in Cu(II)-exchanged K-L gallosilicate with adsorbates containing coordinative nitrogens in ammonia, pyridine, aniline, acetonitrile and hydrazine, and with the adsorbates carbon monoxide, benzene, propanol and dimethyl sulfoxide are investigated by electron spin resonance (ESR) and electron spin echo modulation (ESEM) spectroscopies. These results are compared with those in Cu(II)-exchanged K-L aluminosilicate and the differences are discussed. Adsorption of ammonia produces a complex containing four molecules of ammonia based on resolved nitrogen superhyperfine interaction. Upon equilibrium with pyridine, Cu(II) forms a complex containing four molecules of pyridine in CuK-L gallosilicate and a complex containing only three molecules of pyridine in CuK-L aluminosilicate based on resolved nitrogen superhyperfine. Upon adsorption of aniline and acetonitrile, Cu(II) forms complexes containing two molecules of each in CuK-L gallosilicate based on resolved nitrogen superhyperfine. However, no resolved nitrogen superhyperfine between hydrazine and Cu(II) is seen. Adsorption of carbon monoxide, benzene, propanol and dimethyl sulfoxide causes changes in the ESR spectrum of Cu(II), indicating migration of Cu(II) into cation positions in the main channels where adsorbate coordination can occur. Cu(II) forms complexes with one molecule of benzene and two molecules of propanol based on ESEM data in both K-L gallosilicate and K-L aluminosilicate. However, Cu(II) interacts directly with one dimethyl sulfoxide in K-L aluminosilicate but only indirectly at a longer distance with one dimethyl sulfoxide in K-L gallosilicate based on ESEM data. 相似文献
952.
953.
Flowing and static gas-phase samples of HNO3 in O2 and N2 were analyzed by long-path ultraviolet/visible (UV/VIS) spectroscopy to reveal the presence of both NO2 and NO3, the concentrations of which were calculated using differential absorption cross sections. NO2 is produced predominantly by the heterogeneous decomposition of HNO3, whereas NO3 is generated in the gas phase by the thermal decomposition of N2O5, a product of the self-disproportionation of liquid HNO3. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
954.
A kinetic investigation on the monoesterification reaction of the maleic anhydride residue (MA) in styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers with aliphatic alcohols was carried out in ethyl benzene solution. By comparison to classic catalysts such as tributylamine (TBA) and pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (4DMAP) is by far the most effective catalyst for this reaction. While both general base and nucleophilic mechanisms contribute to the reaction catalyzed by TBA or pyridine, a nucleophilic mechanism prevails with 4DMAP. This reaction is reversible, and its chemical equilibrium constant decreases significantly with increasing temperature. Both kinetic and thermodynamic results showed that in the presence of 4DMAP, the forward and reverse reactions are second and first order, respectively. The existence of side reactions, reactivity of two styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers of different MA contents as well as two aliphatic alcohols of different lengths are also addressed. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
955.
Vogel N. Heinzinger J. Cichos F. 《IEEE transactions on plasma science. IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society》1995,23(6):926-931
The cathode spot formation in air within the first 170 ns was investigated by laser absorption photography and ps-pulse interferometry. The discharge was initiated between electrodes made from Ag or Pd with cathode-anode distance below 300 μm, the arc duration was some milliseconds, and the arc current 5-10 A. Picosecond holographic interferometry and momentary absorption photography yielded spatial-temporal density distributions in the ignition phase of the cathode spot. An absolute electron density value on the order of 4×1026 m-3 has been found. In contrast to vacuum, the cathode spot plasmas broaden little with increasing distance from the cathode, thus narrow plasma channels are observed in the vicinity of the cathode surface having diameters <20 μm 相似文献
956.
957.
958.
A. A. Bormisov E. S. Gudkova F. Kh. Mukminov 《Theoretical and Mathematical Physics》1997,113(2):1418-1430
We consider equations of the form Uxy = U * Ux, where U(x, y) is a function taking values in an arbitrary finite-dimensional algebra T over the field ℂ. We show that every
such equation can be naturally associated with two characteristic Lie algebras, Lx and Ly. We define the notion of a ℤ-graded Lie algebraB corresponding to a given equation. We prove that for every equation under consideration, the corresponding algebraB can be taken as a direct sum of the vector spaces Lx and Ly if we define the commutators of the elements from Lx and Ly by means of the zero-curvature relations. Assuming that the algebra T has no left ideals, we classify the equations of the
specified type associated with the finite-dimensional characteristic Lie algebras Lx and Ly. All of these equations are Darboux-integrable.
Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 113, No. 2, pp. 261–275, November, 1997. 相似文献
959.
J. Schropp 《Numerische Mathematik》1997,78(1):87-101
Summary. We use the qualitative properties of the solution flow of the gradient equation to compute a local minimum of a real-valued function . Under the regularity assumption of all equilibria we show a convergence result for bounded trajectories of a consistent,
strictly stable linear multistep method applied to the gradient equation. Moreover, we compare the asymptotic features of
the numerical and the exact solutions as done by Humphries, Stuart (1994) and Schropp (1995) for one-step methods. In the
case of -stable formulae this leads to an efficient solver for stiff minimization problems.
Received July 10, 1995 / Revised version received June 27, 1996 相似文献
960.
The effect of 57Fe hyperfine interaction radiofrequency (rf) modulation by external rotating magnetic field was studied in thin Permalloy foil by means of Mössbauer spectroscopy. The rf effect was investigated as a function of intensity for several rf field frequencies. The experiments show that the external rotating rf field causes considerable changes in the hyperfine pattern. The obtained spectra are in disagreement with those obtained by Perlow [Phys. Rev. 172 (1968) 319]. They also are inconsistent with magnetostriction hypothesis. Proceeding from the Mössbauer spectrum analysis one may conclude that the magnetization of investigated foil changes its direction in a complex manner. However, the undertaken experiments show that the essential number of Mössbauer nuclei experience the rotating magnetic field influence. 相似文献