Polarizable scattering centers in a fluctuation approach to charge transport

We present a detailed derivation of the fluctuation transport theory, previously developed by Gerlach and Mycielski. The basic idea is the transformation of carrier-densities and fields into the rest frame of each type of carriers and application of the Fluctuation-Dissipation-theorem for monopolar, unscreened carrier densities. In the present paper, the theory is applied to a model system containing free electrons, rigid ions and polarizable neutral donors. We compare our results with experimental data for the polar II–VI-semiconductor Eu₁-_xSr_xS.     

Chalcogenide based all-solid-state thin electroplated ion-selective membrane for Hg(II) flow-injection determinations

The response to Hg(II) of a thin all-solid-state Te-doped silver chalcogenide membrane, described by the general formula Ag₂ + δSe_{1 − x}Te_x, which has been electrochemically prepared following a previously proposed approach, has been investigated. The kinetics of formation of the membrane's secondary dynamic response to Hg(II) has been successfully combined with the precise timing and transient signal, typical for flow-injection (FI) measurements, in developing a sensitive and reliable mercury FI detector. Under optimized stream conditions it exhibits a linear Nernstian response, with a double slope of the calibration graph of 59 mV dec⁻¹, over the mercury(II) concentration range 10⁻⁶ − 10⁻³ M, the typical sample throughput amounting to about 70 samples per hour. The observed chemical amplification of the signal is due to the specificity of the processes dominating the initial step in formation of the steady-state signal of the membrane to mercury. The analytical performance of the Hg(II) FI detector, as regards sensitivity, reproducibility, selectivity and long-term stability has been thoroughly investigated. The exact procedure for membrane electrodeposition is given and the potential of the proposed approach as a cost-effective way for preparing chalcogenides of unique structure and properties has been outlined in the above context.     

Olefin terpolymerizations. II. 4-vinylcyclohexene and cyclooctadiene

4-Vinylcyclohexene (VCH) and cyclooctadiene (COD) were investigated as termonomers in EPDM (ethylene/propylene/diene) synthesis by using rac-ethylenebis (1-η⁵-indenyl) zir-conium dichloride ( 1 ) as a catalyst precursor. Homopolymerizations of VCH, vinylcycloh-exane and cyclohexene were compared. The parameter K_πκ_p, which is the apparent rate constant for Ziegler-Natta polymerization, is about the same for VCH and vinylcyclohexanebut is 10 times smaller for cyclohexene. Therefore, the linear olefinic double bond is more active than the cyclic internal double bond. VCH reduces ethylene polymerization rate but not propylene polymerization rate in copolymerizations. In terpolymerizations, VCH tends to suppress ethylene incorporation especially at elevated polymerization temperature and Lowers the polymer MW by about two-fold. COD has very low activity as a termonomer. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

New fluorescence probes for monitoring the kinetics of laser-initiated polymerization

Several new fluorescence probes useful for following photopolymerization have been characterized. Among these are probes which can be used in rapidly gelling monomer mixtures and for photochemical polymerization initiated by very high laser powers. Systems which can be used with polyolacrylates and either with visible initiators or with UV initiators are reported. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Max-semistable laws

In this paper we give a characterization of the classMSS of all one-dimensional d.f.'s G satisfying the functional equation G^α(x)=G(L(x)), where α∈(0, 1] andL(x) is strictly monotone. Supported by the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science (grant MM-17/1993). Proceedings of the Seminar on Stability Problems for Stochastic Models, Moscow, 1993.     

Solution of the 2D ising model on a triangular lattice by the method of auxiliaryq-deformed Grassmann fields

A representation in the form of a functional integral is obtained for the partition function of the inhomogeneous 2D Ising model on a triangular lattice where the coupling parameters are arbitrary functions of coordinates. The method for transforming the partition function into an integral uses an auxiliary six-component Grassmann field in which the Grassmann fields corresponding to one of the components commute with the others. Thus, one pair of components realizes a representation of the q-deformed group SL_q(2, R) with q=–1 and the other two pairs correspond to the usual Grassmann spinors (q=1). An explicit expression in terms of the modified Pfaffian is found for the Gaussian integral over these fields and its relation to the ordinary Grassmann functional integral is established.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 109, No. 3, pp. 441–463, December, 1996.     

THE USE OF THERMOELASTICITY TO EVALUATE STRESS REDISTRIBUTION AND NOTCH SENSITIVITY IN CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES

Thermoelastic stress analysis was used to document the effect of composite damage on the stress distribution in three ceramic matrix composites. Composite damage was found to significantly alter the thermoelastic response of each material, with the greatest effect noted in SiC/CAS. Thermoelastic imaging of these materials affords a more complete picture of how the various damage mechanisms affect the stress distribution. In particular, a stress concentration factor computed from thermoelastic images, serves as an indicator of stress redistribution. The stress concentration factors were computed by comparing notch root to far field temperatures, and monitored after the introduction of various amounts of damage. In each material, the stress concentration factor diminished as the damaging load approached the ultimate stress. Reduction in the stress concentration is associated with local changes in modulus, mechanistically arising from combinations of fiber, matrix and interface fracture. Stress redistribution occurs as a consequence of modulus changes, leading to lower notch sensitivity in each of the tested composites.