首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   40202篇
  免费   1075篇
  国内免费   467篇
化学   20518篇
晶体学   726篇
力学   1890篇
综合类   19篇
数学   3965篇
物理学   14626篇
  2022年   423篇
  2021年   494篇
  2020年   469篇
  2019年   467篇
  2018年   660篇
  2017年   561篇
  2016年   905篇
  2015年   584篇
  2014年   919篇
  2013年   1857篇
  2012年   1837篇
  2011年   2181篇
  2010年   1568篇
  2009年   1536篇
  2008年   1754篇
  2007年   1720篇
  2006年   1594篇
  2005年   1370篇
  2004年   1257篇
  2003年   1085篇
  2002年   1014篇
  2001年   1415篇
  2000年   1045篇
  1999年   867篇
  1998年   669篇
  1997年   628篇
  1996年   554篇
  1995年   520篇
  1994年   468篇
  1993年   427篇
  1992年   502篇
  1991年   491篇
  1990年   479篇
  1989年   435篇
  1988年   455篇
  1987年   435篇
  1986年   380篇
  1985年   450篇
  1984年   471篇
  1983年   349篇
  1982年   386篇
  1981年   377篇
  1980年   320篇
  1979年   401篇
  1978年   379篇
  1977年   394篇
  1976年   391篇
  1975年   342篇
  1974年   322篇
  1973年   339篇
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
111.
Methods to synthesize magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles and to modify the surface of particles are presented in the present investigation. Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were prepared by the co-precipitation of Fe3+ and Fe2+, NH3·H2O was used as the precipitating agent to adjust the pH value, and the aging of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles was accelerated by microwave (MW) irradiation. The obtained Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The average size of Fe3O4 crystallites was found to be around 8–9 nm. Thereafter, the surface of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles was modified by stearic acid. The resultant sample was characterized by FT-IR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), XRD, lipophilic degree (LD) and sedimentation test. The FT-IR results indicated that a covalent bond was formed by chemical reaction between the hydroxyl groups on the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and carboxyl groups of stearic acid, which changed the polarity of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The dispersion of Fe3O4 in organic solvent was greatly improved. Effects of reaction time, reaction temperature and concentration of stearic acid on particle surface modification were investigated. In addition, Fe3O4/polystyrene (PS) nanocomposite was synthesized by adding surface modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles into styrene monomer, followed by the radical polymerization. The obtained nanocomposite was tested by thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and XRD. Results revealed that the thermal stability of PS was not significantly changed after adding Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The Fe3O4 magnetic fluid was characterized using UV–vis spectrophotometer, Gouy magnetic balance and laser particle-size analyzer. The testing results showed that the magnetic fluid had excellent stability, and had susceptibility of 4.46×10−8 and saturated magnetization of 6.56 emu/g. In addition, the mean size d (0.99) of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the fluid was 36.19 nm.  相似文献   
112.
We consider the problem of guillotine cutting a rectangular sheet into two rectangular pieces without rotations. The question is whether there exists a cutting pattern with given numbers of occurrences of both rectangular pieces. A polynomial time algorithm is described to construct the convex hull of solutions to this problem.  相似文献   
113.
114.
Low-temperature laser sintering has been successfully demonstrated to improve the overall conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells. Mesoporous TiO2 electrodes were prepared from a colloidal solution of TiO2 nanopowders by a laser direct-write technique and then sintered by a quasi-continuous-wave UV laser (λ=355 nm) for the fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cells. The overall conversion efficiency of the cells based on the laser-sintered TiO2 electrodes was double that of the devices with non-laser-treated TiO2 electrodes. This enhancement is attributed to both the removal of organic additives and the improved inter-nanoparticle electrical contacts induced by the laser-sintering process, which led to an increase in porosity and dye-absorption sites in the TiO2 electrodes. PACS 61.80.Ba; 61.46.+w; 73.22.-f; 84.60.Jt  相似文献   
115.
We have investigated the free energy of formation for AgxIn1-x and AgxSn1-x liquid binary alloys at temperatures 1173 and 1250 K, respectively. A microscopic theory based on the first order perturbation has been applied. The interionic interaction and a reference liquid are the fundamental components of the theory. The interionic interaction is described by a local pseudopotential. A liquid of hard spheres (HS) of two different effective diametres and charges is used to describe the reference system. The results of the calculations for energy of formation agree very well with the available experimental data. Our calculations also reveal that a simple perturbative approach along with appropriate effective pair potentials can produce nearly quantitative results for the concerned alloys.  相似文献   
116.
We report on the growth and characterization of delta-doped amorphous Ge:Mn diluted magnetic semiconductor thin films on GaAs (0 0 1) substrates. The fabricated samples exhibit different magnetic behaviors, depending on the Mn doping concentration. The Curie temperature was found to be dependent on both the Mn doping concentration and spacing between the doping layers. A sharp drop in magnetization and rise in resistivity are observed at low temperature in samples with high Mn doping concentrations, which is also accompanied by a negative thermal remanent magnetization (TRM) in the higher temperature range. The temperature at which the magnetization starts to drop and the negative TRM appears show a correlation with the Mn doping concentration. The experimental results are discussed based on the formation of ferromagnetic regions at high temperature and antiferromagnetic coupling between these regions at low temperature.  相似文献   
117.
We prove that for any given c, 1 < c < 17/11, almost all natural numbers are representable in the form [x c] + [p c], where x is a natural number and p is a prime.  相似文献   
118.
The problem of reducing polynomial matrices to canonical form by using semiscalar equivalent transformations is studied. This problem is wild as a whole. However, it is tame in some special cases. In the paper, classes of polynomial matrices are singled out for which canonical forms with respect to semiscalar equivalence are indicated. We use this tool to construct a canonical form for the families of coefficients corresponding to the polynomial matrices. This form enables one to solve the classification problem for families of numerical matrices up to similarity.  相似文献   
119.
The spin polarized β-emitting nuclei12B (I π=1+,T 1/2=20.18 ms) were produced by the nuclear reaction11B(d, p)12B and by the selection technique of the incident deuteron energy and the12B recoil angle following the nuclear reaction. The nuclear magnetic moment of the short-lived nuclei12B was measured by β-NMR with the β-NMR and β-NQR setup established for the first time in China. The nuclear magnetic moment of12B was determined to be μ=0.99993±0.00048 nm org=0.99993±0.00048 after the precise correction of the Knight shift.  相似文献   
120.
Crystallographic phase transitions in perovskite-like LaSrMnO metallic oxides are studied. The transitions are induced when internal stresses generated during film synthesis (at temperatures between 450 and 730°C) vary (decrease or increase) upon subsequent irradiation by a KrF laser emitting in the UV range. As the synthesis temperature T s grows, the rhombohedral-to-orthorhombic phase transition occurs at 650–670°C. The resistivity is shown to be either temperature-independent, ρ(T)=const, at T<T crit, or varies and reaches a maximum, ρ(T)=ρmax, at the Curie temperature T c. Optical transmission spectra taken at photon energies ℏω=0.5–2.5 eV exhibit both a high (0.8–0.9) and low (0.1–0.3) transmission coefficient t, depending on the synthesis temperature. As follows from X-ray diffraction data, the laser irradiation causes a phase transition only in LaSrMnO films grown at T s<650°C. Phases of different size scales appear: the long-range-order orthorhombic matrix and mesoscopic-range-order rhombohedral clusters are observed in the films grown at T s=450–550°C and the rhombohedral matrix with orthorhombic clusters, in the films grown at T s=550–650°C.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号