全文获取类型
收费全文 | 16603篇 |
免费 | 1666篇 |
国内免费 | 704篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 9952篇 |
晶体学 | 137篇 |
力学 | 724篇 |
综合类 | 52篇 |
数学 | 2829篇 |
物理学 | 5279篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 219篇 |
2022年 | 287篇 |
2021年 | 368篇 |
2020年 | 498篇 |
2019年 | 424篇 |
2018年 | 446篇 |
2017年 | 437篇 |
2016年 | 836篇 |
2015年 | 685篇 |
2014年 | 788篇 |
2013年 | 1319篇 |
2012年 | 1181篇 |
2011年 | 1251篇 |
2010年 | 855篇 |
2009年 | 768篇 |
2008年 | 834篇 |
2007年 | 648篇 |
2006年 | 635篇 |
2005年 | 452篇 |
2004年 | 385篇 |
2003年 | 339篇 |
2002年 | 342篇 |
2001年 | 288篇 |
2000年 | 257篇 |
1999年 | 279篇 |
1998年 | 265篇 |
1997年 | 233篇 |
1996年 | 233篇 |
1995年 | 198篇 |
1994年 | 175篇 |
1993年 | 154篇 |
1992年 | 153篇 |
1991年 | 144篇 |
1990年 | 105篇 |
1989年 | 104篇 |
1988年 | 107篇 |
1987年 | 106篇 |
1986年 | 98篇 |
1985年 | 113篇 |
1984年 | 101篇 |
1983年 | 97篇 |
1982年 | 80篇 |
1981年 | 91篇 |
1980年 | 93篇 |
1979年 | 83篇 |
1978年 | 86篇 |
1977年 | 96篇 |
1976年 | 77篇 |
1974年 | 77篇 |
1973年 | 84篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
Jun Dang Yurong Du Qi Wang YangZom Dawa Chengbiao Chen Qilan Wang Jianbin Ma Yanduo Tao 《Journal of separation science》2020,43(16):3233-3241
Reversed‐phase liquid chromatography coupled with middle chromatogram isolated gel column was employed for the efficient preparative separation of the arylbutanoid‐type phenol [(‐)‐rhododendrin] from Saxifraga tangutica. Universal C18 (XTerra C18) and XCharge C18 columns were compared for (‐)‐rhododendrin fraction analysis and preparation. Although tailing and overloading occurred on the XTerra C18 column, the positively charged reversed‐phase C18 column (XCharge C18) overcame these drawbacks, allowing for favorable separation resolution, even when loading at a on a preparative scale (3.69 mg per injection). The general separation process was as follows. First, 365.0 mg of crude (‐)‐rhododendrin was enriched from 165 g Saxifraga tangutica extract via a middle chromatogram isolated gel column. Second, separation was performed on an XTerra C18 preparative column, from which 73.8 mg of the target fraction was easily obtained. Finally, the 24.0 mg tailing peak of (‐)‐rhododendrin on XTerra C18 column was selectively purified on the XCharge C18 analytical column. These results demonstrate that the tailing nonalkaloid peaks can be effectively used for preparative isolation on XCharge C18 columns. 相似文献
992.
Hai‐Dong Xia Zhong‐Liang Li Qiang‐Shuai Gu Xiao‐Yang Dong Jia‐Heng Fang Xuan‐Yi Du Li‐Lei Wang Xin‐Yuan Liu 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2020,59(39):16926-16932
We describe a photoinduced copper‐catalyzed asymmetric radical decarboxylative alkynylation of bench‐stable N‐hydroxyphthalimide(NHP)‐type esters of racemic alkyl carboxylic acids with terminal alkynes, which provides a flexible platform for the construction of chiral C(sp3)?C(sp) bonds. Critical to the success of this process are not only the use of the copper catalyst as a dual photo‐ and cross‐coupling catalyst but also tuning of the NHP‐type esters to inhibit the facile homodimerization of the alkyl radical and terminal alkyne, respectively. Owing to the use of stable and easily available NHP‐type esters, the reaction features a broader substrate scope compared with reactions using the alkyl halide counterparts, covering (hetero)benzyl‐, allyl‐, and aminocarbonyl‐substituted carboxylic acid derivatives, and (hetero)aryl and alkyl as well as silyl alkynes, thus providing a vital complementary approach to the previously reported method. 相似文献
993.
Kang Du Jingyi Yang Li Yang Zhengtao Wang Rui Wang Yanhong Shi 《Journal of separation science》2020,43(13):2558-2570
Clarification of the quality and biological effect equivalence of traditional Chinese medicines containing multi‐origin species is essential to improve their current quality standards, and also is the core problem to clarify the origins of single herbs with multi‐species in Chinese formulas that will guarantee their clinical application. Huangqin decoction is the typical one of multi‐origin formulas frequently used in traditional Chinese medicine and Kampo medicine. An ultra high performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry was developed for chemical profiling and marker quantification of Huangqin decoction prepared with two different original types of peony root, white and red peony root. Forty‐seven main peaks in chemical profiling of Huangqin decoction prepared with white and red peony root were identified: nine were from peony root, 20 from baical skullcap root, 17 from licorice root, and one from jujubae fruit. The markers characteristics of the respective types of peony root in Huangqin decoction differ from that in single herbs, especially in terms of monoterpenoids and hydrolysable tannins. Subsequently, 17 representative markers in Huangqin decoction prepared with three types of peony root and their chemical characteristics and content distribution were carried out. 相似文献
994.
Kun‐ze Du Jin Li Lanhui Wang Jia Hao Xue‐jing Yang Xiu‐mei Gao Yan‐xu Chang 《Journal of separation science》2020,43(4):799-807
Hydrosoluble trehalose lipid (a biosurfactant) was employed for the first time as a green extraction solution to extract the main antioxidant compounds (geniposidic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and rutin) from functional plant tea (Eucommia ulmoides leaves). Single‐factor tests and response surface methodology were employed to optimize the extraction conditions for ultrasound‐assisted micellar extraction combined with ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography in succession. A Box‐Behnken design (three‐level, three‐factorial) was used to determine the effects of extraction solvent concentration (1–5 mg/mL), extraction solvent volume (5–15 mL), and extraction time (20–40 min) at a uniform ultrasonic power and temperature. In consequence, the best analyte extraction yields could be attained when the trehalose lipid solution concentration was prepared at 3 mg/mL, the trehalose lipid solution volume was 10 mL and the extraction time was set to 35 min. In addition, the recoveries of the antioxidants from Eucommia ulmoides leaves analyzed by this analytical method ranged from 98.2 to 102%. These results indicated that biosurfactant‐enhanced ultrasound‐assisted micellar extraction coupled with a simple ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography method could be effectively applied in the extraction and analysis of antioxidants from Eucommia ulmoides leaf samples. 相似文献
995.
Yiyang Du Bo Wu Feng Xiao Tingxu Yan Qing Li Ying Jia Kaishun Bi Bosai He 《Journal of separation science》2020,43(11):2019-2030
Insomnia is a common clinical disease that can seriously damage the normal lives of sufferers. Suan‐Zao‐Ren decoction has been used to treat insomnia for a long time. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of Suan‐Zao‐Ren decoction is still not clear. In this study, the nontargeted metabolomics based on high‐resolution mass spectrometry and multiple statistical approaches were initially used to investigate the changes of potential serum and brain biomarkers and metabolic pathways in the insomnia model rat. Principal component analysis‐discriminate analysis indicated that the Suan‐Zao‐Ren decoction treatment improved the metabolic phenotype insomnia. Moreover, the heatmap analysis identified the most important biomarkers involved in insomnia. According to the pathway analysis, phenylalanine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, and so on were recognized as the most affected metabolic pathways associated with insomnia disease. These findings provided a comprehensive understanding of the regulative effects of Suan‐Zao‐Ren decoction on the host metabolic phenotype of the insomnia rats. Our work demonstrated that the metabolomics approach is a promising tool that could help us to conduct the exploration of the therapeutic effects and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicines. 相似文献
996.
Yu‐an Sun Hengmao Zhang Zhenxing Li Wenhao Yu Zhijun Zhao Ke Wang Meili Zhang Jinting Wang 《Journal of separation science》2020,43(7):1284-1296
Agarwood, a species of resinous heartwood, is a precious medicinal plant and a type of rare natural spice, which is widely used in medicine, cosmetics, religious activities, and other fields. In this study, agarwood samples from eight different regions across four countries were analyzed by comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography?quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. A total of 232 species were identified (the match factors of these compounds were above 750). The main compounds of agarwood are oxygenated sesquiterpenes and chromones. The compositions of India1 and Malaysia2 were significantly different from those of other samples, which might be attributed to the different production processes of agarwood. For further investigation, factor analysis was conducted for six agarwood samples. The results showed that the data classification possessed a regional characteristic; according to the retention time and relative content, characteristic compositions were determined by factor scores. Finally, the differences of characteristic compositions were simply analyzed, and the reasons were speculated. 相似文献
997.
Na Li Honggang Nie Liping Jiang Guihua Ruan Fuyou Du Huwei Liu 《Journal of separation science》2020,43(15):3146-3163
The structural information and spatial distribution of molecules in biological tissues are closely related to the potential molecular mechanisms of disease origin, transfer, and classification. Ambient ionization mass spectrometry imaging is an effective tool that provides molecular images while describing in situ information of biomolecules in complex samples, in which ionization occurs at atmospheric pressure with the samples being analyzed in the native state. Ambient ionization mass spectrometry imaging can directly analyze tissue samples at a fairly high resolution to obtain molecules in situ information on the tissue surface to identify pathological features associated with a disease, resulting in the wide applications in pharmacy, food science, botanical research, and especially clinical research. Herein, novel ambient ionization techniques, such as techniques based on spray and solid‐liquid extraction, techniques based on plasma desorption, techniques based on laser desorption ablation, and techniques based on acoustic desorption were introduced, and the data processing of ambient ionization mass spectrometry imaging was briefly reviewed. Besides, we also highlight recent applications of this imaging technology in clinical researches and discuss the challenges in this imaging technology and the perspectives on the future of the clinical research. 相似文献
998.
Du Min Zhang Feng Zhang Xiaofei Dong Wentao Sang Yuanhua Wang Jianjun Liu Hong Wang Shuhua 《中国科学:化学(英文版)》2020,63(12):1767-1776
Science China Chemistry - Rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs), with the easy operation, cost effectiveness, and high safety, are emerging candidates for high-energy wearable/portable... 相似文献
999.
Ling Xie Yan Yan Huijuan Lin Kun Rui Aoming Huang Min Du Yu Shen Jixin Zhu 《化学:亚洲杂志》2020,15(7):1105-1109
Owing to the high specific capacity and energy density, metal oxides have become very promising electrodes for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, poor electrical conductivity accompanied with inferior cycling stability resulting from large volume changes are the main obstacles to achieve a high reversible capacity and stable cyclability. Herein, a facile and general approach to fabricate SnO2, Fe2O3 and Fe2O3/SnO2 fibers is proposed. The appealing structural features are favorable for offering a shortened lithium‐ion diffusion length, easy access for the electrolyte and reduced volume variation when used as anodes in LIBs. As a consequence, both single and hybrid oxides show satisfactory reversible capacities (1206 mAh g?1 for Fe2O3 and 1481 mAh g?1 for Fe2O3/SnO2 after 200 cycles at 200 mA g?1) and long lifespans. 相似文献
1000.
Water splitting has attracted more and more attention as a promising strategy for the production of clean hydrogen fuel. In this work, a new synthesis strategy was proposed, and Co0.85Se was synthesized on nickel foam as the main matrix. The doping of appropriate Cr amount into the target of Co0.85Se and the Cr‐Co0.85Se resulted in an excellent electrochemical performance. The doping of Cr introduces Cr3+ ions which substitute Co2+ and Co3+ ions in Co0.85Se, so that the lattice parameters of the main matrix were changed. It is worth noting that the Cr0.15‐Co0.85Se/NF material exhibits an excellent performance in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) test. When the current density reaches 50 mA cm?2 for OER, the overpotential is only 240 mV. For the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) tests, the overpotential is only 117 mV to drive 10 mA cm?2 of current density. Moreover, when the Cr0.15‐Co0.85Se/NF material is used as a two‐electrode device for whole water splitting, the required cell voltage is only 1.43 V to reach a current density of 10 mA cm?2, which is among the lowest values of the published catalysts up to now. In addition, the Cr0.15‐Co0.85Se/NF catalyst also exhibits excellent stability during a long period of water splitting. The experimental result demonstrates that the change of the lattice structure has an obvious influence on the electrocatalytic activity of the material. When an external electric field is applied, it facilitates the rapid electron transfer rate and enhances the electrocatalytic performance and stability of the material. 相似文献