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41.
Antonino Drago 《Logica Universalis》2008,2(1):127-141
Each predicate of the Aristotelian square of opposition includes the word “is”. Through a twofold interpretation of this word
the square includes both classical logic and non-classical logic. All theses embodied by the square of opposition are preserved
by the new interpretation, except for contradictories, which are substituted by incommensurabilities. Indeed, the new interpretation
of the square of opposition concerns the relationships among entire theories, each represented by means of a characteristic
predicate. A generalization of the square of opposition is achieved by not adjoining, according to two Leibniz’ suggestions
about human mind, one more choice about the kind of infinity; i.e., a choice which was unknown by Greek’s culture, but which
played a decisive role for the birth and then the development of modern science. This essential innovation of modern scientific
culture explains why in modern times the Aristotelian square of opposition was disregarded.
This work was completed with the support of our -pert. 相似文献
42.
D. Dobnik M. Kolar J. Komljenovi Nj. Radi 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1999,365(4):314-319
The preparation of an ion-selective electrode by chemical treatment of copper wire and its application for the measurements
of copper (II) and iodide ions is described. The proposed reaction mechanism at the sensing surface, which explains the response
of the electrode to Cu2+ and iodide ions, is discussed. The prepared electrode was suitable for direct potentiometric measurements of iodide and copper
(II) in batch experiments down to concentrations of 1 × 10–5 mol L–1. A tubular electrode, prepared in the same way, may be used as a potentiometric sensor in a flow-injection analysis for Cu
(II) and/or iodide determinations.
Received: 4 December 1998 / Revised: 31 March 1999 / Accepted: 6 April 1999 相似文献
43.
D. Dobčnik M. Kolar J. Komljenović Nj. Radić 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》1999,365(4):314-319
The preparation of an ion-selective electrode by chemical treatment of copper wire and its application for the measurements of copper (II) and iodide ions is described. The proposed reaction mechanism at the sensing surface, which explains the response of the electrode to Cu2+ and iodide ions, is discussed. The prepared electrode was suitable for direct potentiometric measurements of iodide and copper (II) in batch experiments down to concentrations of 1 × 10–5 mol L–1. A tubular electrode, prepared in the same way, may be used as a potentiometric sensor in a flow-injection analysis for Cu (II) and/or iodide determinations. 相似文献
44.
In a recent paper (Böhm and Stefan, Commun Math Phys 282:239–286, 2008), we gave a general construction of a para-cocyclic structure on a cosimplex, associated to a so called admissible septuple—consisting of two categories, three functors and two natural transformations, subject to compatibility relations. The main examples of such admissible septuples were induced by algebra homomorphisms. In this note we provide more general examples coming from appropriate (‘locally braided’) morphisms of monads. 相似文献
45.
The gold(III) hydroxide κ(3)-(C^N^C)*Au(OH) reacts with C-H and N-H compounds and arylboronic acids to produce a range of perfluoroaryls, N-heterocyclic and alkynyl compounds in high yields; some of which show unexpectedly strong modulation of their photoluminescence from yellow to blue [(C^N^C)* = 2,6-(C(6)H(3)Bu(t))(2)pyridine]. 相似文献
46.
Crček B Baškovč J Grošelj U Kočar D Dahmann G Stanovnik B Svete J 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2012,17(5):5363-5384
A library of 24 6-(5-oxo-1-phenylpyrrolidin-3-yl)pyrimidine-5-carboxamides 10{1,2; 1-12} was prepared by a parallel solution-phase approach. The synthesis comprises a five-step transformation of itaconic acid (11) into 1-methyl and 1-phenyl substituted 6-(5-oxo-1-phenylpyrrolidin-3-yl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acids 17{1,2} followed by parallel amidation of 17{1,2} with a series of 12 aliphatic amines 18{1-12} to afford the corresponding carboxamides 10 in good overall yields and in 80-100% purity. 相似文献
47.
Aleš Doliška Alenka Vesel Metod Kolar Karin Stana‐Kleinschek Miran Mozetič 《Surface and interface analysis : SIA》2012,44(1):56-61
Model films of poly(ethylene terephthalate) were treated by oxygen plasma in order to quantify the etching rate and estimate the contribution of charged and neutral particles to the reaction probability. Model films with a thickness of 50 nm were deposited on a quartz crystal of a microbalance (QCM) by spin‐coating technique. The samples were exposed to oxygen plasma with the positive ion density of 4 × 1015 m?3 and neutral oxygen atom density of 6 × 1021 m?3. The etching rate was determined from the QCM signal and was 4.7 nm s?1. The etching was found rather inhomogeneous as the atomic force microscopic images showed an increase of the surface roughness as a result of plasma treatment. The model films were completely removed from the surface of the quartz crystals in about 12 s. Knowing the etching rate and the flux of oxygen atoms to the surface allowed for calculation of the reaction probability which was found to be rather low at the value of 1.6 × 10?4. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
48.
Alenka Vesel Metod Kolar Ales Doliska Karin Stana‐Kleinschek Miran Mozetic 《Surface and interface analysis : SIA》2012,44(13):1565-1571
Films of polyethylene terephthalate were deposited on quartz crystals and exposed to oxygen atoms to study their etching characteristics and quantify the etching rate. Oxygen (O) atoms were created by passing molecular oxygen through plasma created in a microwave discharge. The discharge power was fixed at 250 W, while the pressure of oxygen was 50 Pa. Before exposure to oxygen atoms, a thin polymer film of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was deposited uniformly over a crystal with a diameter of 12 mm. The crystal was mounted on a quartz crystal microbalance to accurately determine the thickness of the polymer film. The polymer film was exposed to O atoms in the flowing afterglow. The density of O atoms was measured with a cobalt catalytic probe mounted next to the sample and was determined to be 1.2 × 1021 m–3. Samples were treated with O atoms for different periods of up to 120 min. The thickness of the film decreased linearly with treatment time. After 90 min of treatment, a 65‐nm‐thick polymer film was completely removed. Therefore, the etching rate was 0.5 nm/min, so the interaction probability between an O atom and an atom in the sample was extremely low, just 1.4 × 10–6. Samples treated for different periods were investigated by atomic force microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy to examine the etching characteristics of O atoms in the flowing afterglow. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
49.
50.
4-Substituted benzenediazonium chlorides react with methylamine- formaldehyde mixture at ?5 to ?10°C -and controlled pH to afford the novel 3,7-bis-(4-X-aryl)-1,5,3,7-dioxadiazocines rather than the expected 1-(4-X-aryl)-3-hydroxymethyl-3-methyltriazenes or related dimeric products. 相似文献