The effect of mechanical activation on the thermal decomposition of chalcopyrite

Experimental results on the influence of preliminary mechanical activation on the thermal decomposition of chalcopyrite are presented and discussed. The following experimental facts were found:

Peroxides of higher aliphatic ethers

The oxidation of higher aliphatic ethers with oxygen at 50° yields two peroxides as the main oxidation products for each ether, namely a dihydroperoxy-dialkyl ether and a dihydroperoxy-dialkyl peroxide. The mass spectra of these compounds are recorded and the main fragmentation pattern is discussed.     

Dampfdruck- und Leitfähigkeitsuntersuchungen der Ionensolvatation in Amiden

The solvating properties of formamide, N-methylformamide, dimethylformamide, N-ethylformamide and diethylformamide have been investigated by means of vapour pressure and conductivity measurements. For the salts and ions, resp. average solvation numbers have been calculated from vapour pressure data and limiting ionic conductances. The solvation numbers are used for a discussion of the influence of N-substituents on the solvating properties of the amides.

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Mit 2 Abbildungen     

Qualitative and quantitative sensitivity in flame photometry

Concepts of sensitivity in flame photometry are discussed. A distinction is made between sensitivity itself, concentration limits and dilution limits applied to qualitative and quantitative analysis by flame photometry. Sensitivity values, as well as the concentration limits, are considered from two different aspects: as a function of the slope of calibration curves-percentual values-and as a function of fluctutions-fluctuational values. The concepts are applied to the two main branches of flame photometry, emission and absorption.     

Suggested calculations using transition density matrices

It is suggested that certain transition density matrices, N-representable in a limit, be used in a variational calculation. It is noted that such trial matrices should yield reasonable values for the ground state energies of small atoms or molecules provided a set of overlap integrals is maximised.

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Zusammenfassung Es wird vorgeschlagen, bestimmte Übergangsdichtematrizen, die im Limit N-darstellbar sind, in einer Variationsrechnung zu benutzen. Es wird festgestellt, daß solche Näherungsmatrizen gute Werte für die Energie des Grundzustandes kleiner Atome oder Moleküle geben sollten, falls im Satz von Überlappungsintegralen maximiert wird.

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Résumé On propose d'utiliser dans un calcul variationnel certaines matrices densité de transition, N représentables à la limite. Ces matrices d'essai devraient fournir des valeurs raissonnables pour l'énergie de l'état fondamental dans les petits atomes et les petites molécules à condition de maximiser un ensemble d'intégrales de recouvrement.

     

Einwirkung von p-Nitroso-dimethylanilin auf Brenztraubensäure und ihre Derivate, 6. Mitt.: Kondensation der Phenylbrenztraubensäure mit primären aromatischen Aminen

Phenylpyruvic acid reacts with p-nitroaniline to yield the 3-hydroxypyrrolinone2a, and with anilines bearing+M substituents in the p-position to yield the 3-enaminopyrrolinones1b-1e.

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5. Mitt.:M. Ruse, E. Hamburg undM. Petri, Chem. Ber.103, 3727 (1970).     

Rapid determination of PAHs in soil samples by HPLC with fluorimetric detection following sonication extraction

A rapid method for the determination of PAHs in soil samples based on their extraction with methylene chloride by sonication and subsequent separation by HPLC with fluorimetric detection is proposed. A Hypersil Green PAH column was used with a gradient of acetonitrile/water as the mobile phase, together with a program of nine excitation and emission wavelength pairs. Recoveries were in the range 70-98%, except for acenaphthene and naphthalene, at concentration levels 1.08-442 microg/kg with relative standard deviations in the range 2-15% (n = 4). Total PAHs found in soil samples were in the range 15-282 microg/kg. The results were compared with those obtained by applying the 3540 EPA method for two samples.     

Thermal decomposition of N2H6GeF6 · H2O,isolation and characterization of intermediates

The thermal behaviour of N₂H₆GeF₆ · H₂O was investigated by TG, DTG and DTA measurements. The decomposition proceeded in three steps, in which anhydrous N₂H₆GeF₆ and N₂H₅GeF₅; were isolated and characterized by chemical analysis and vibrational spectroscopy. The X-ray powder photographs of the intermediates were indexed, namely, for N₂H₆GeF₆ on the basis of a monoclinic cell with a = 8.86(9), b = 9.29(2), c =7.40(0) Å, β = 85° and for N₂H₅GeF₅ on the basis of an ortrhorhombic cell with a = 8.43(5),b = 9.19(9), c = 7.43(6) Å.     

Bidimensional mixtures of polyglutamic and myristic acid

Summary Monolayers of polyglutamic acid and of its mixtures with myristic acid at the water/air interface on subphase composed of solutions of hydrochloric acid only and solutions containing CaCl₂ and hydrochloric acid were studied. The comparison of the experimental data with the bidimensional state equation deduced theoretically is in agreement with the presence of the rigid macromolecular form of alpha helix type in the bidimensional state, as shown by other authors. So far as the mixtures are concerned, on both the support solutions the two components are miscible between one another in all the molar ratios considered. On the support solution free of Ca⁺⁺ ions, the bidimensional mixtures are more stable than either of the components. In particular at a 1/1 molar ratio a sharp minimum of the free surface energy of mixing is found. On support solutions containing Ca⁺⁺ ions, the mixtures especially those containing higher concentrations of myristic acid, are thermodynamically less stable than the components themselves.

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Zusammenfassung Es werden an der Grenzfläche Wasser/Luft Monoschichten von Polyglutaminsäure und deren Mischungen mit Miristinsäure auf Unterlagen, die nur Salzsäutelösungen oder auch Ca⁺⁺ enthalten, studiert. Für die Polyglutaminsäure ist der Vergleich der experimentellen Daten mit den theoretischen Gleichungen des bidimensionalen Zustand übereinstimmend mit dem Vorhandensein in bidimensionalem Zustand einer makromolekularen starren Form des-Helixtyps, wie schon von anderen Autoren festgestellt wurde.Was die Mischungen betrifft, sind auf beiden Unterlagen die Komponenten miteinander mischbar in sämtlichen Verhältnissen, die in Betracht gezogen wurden. Auf einer Unterlage ohne Calciumionen sind die bidimensionalen Mischungen stabiler als die Komponenten allein. Insbesondere dem Verhältnis 1/1 entspricht ein ausgesprochenes Minimum der Freien Oberflächenenergie der Mischungen. Auf einer Unterlage, die Calciumionen enthält, insbesondere wenn die Mischungen reich an Miristinsäure sind, erweisen sie sich als thermodynamisch weniger stabil als die Komponenten.

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With 4 figures and 1 table