Zur Entscheidungstheorie bei mehrfacher Zielsetzung

Zusammenfassung Der Begriff eines rationalen Lösunxgsprinzips für Entscheidungsprobleme mit mehrfacher Zielsetzung wird definitorisch eingeführt. Anhand der definierenden Bedingungen werden die neueren Lösungsansätze auf Rationalität untersucht. Zusätzlich wird besonderes Gewicht auf die kritische Untersuchung der den einzelnen Verfahren zugrundeliegenden Informationsannahmen gelegt. Dabei zeigt sich, wie auch aus empirischen Untersuchungen abgeleitet wird, daß es bei der Formulierung von Lösungsansätzen auf eine präzise Darstellung des Lösungsprinzips und der damit im Zusammenhang stehenden Informationsannahme ankommt; erst auf dieser Grundlage kann die entscheidungspraktische Relevanz solcher Verfahren überprüft werden.

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Summary For multiobjective decision problems a notion of a rational solution principle is introduced by definition. The recently suggested solution approaches are tested for rationality under the defining conditions. Additionally, great importance is attached to the critical analysis of the information requirements underlying the different methods. It turns out, as well as it will be derived from empirical investigations, that a precise presentation of the solution principle and of the corresponding information requirements is indispensable formulating such approaches; first on this basis the practical relevance of solution procedures can be examined.

     

An Experimental Study of a Flux Modulated Solid State Metathesis Reaction

A solid state metathesis (SSM) reaction was investigated with respect to the formation of rare‐earth carbodiimides, the role of the co‐produced salt (LiCl), and the eutectic flux medium (LiCl/KCl). A SSM reaction is characterized by an exothermic reaction in which a salt (often LiCl) is coproduced. When the salt melts, it can serve as a useful medium for the crystallization of a desired product. An improved crystal growth can be observed by using an eutectic flux. However, the composition of an eutectic LiCl/KCl flux is altered when LiCl is produced during the reaction. The thermal effects concerning the endothermic melting of the flux and the exothermic ingnition of the SSM reaction may compensate each other, which is not necessarily a drawback for the reaction to proceed.     

Magnetic Anisotropy of Dichlorobis(η5‐cyclopentadienyl) Complexes of Vanadium,Niobium, and Tantalum

Abstract. The magnetic behavior of the mononuclear nd¹ systems MCp₂Cl₂ (M = V⁴⁺[3d¹], Nb⁴⁺[4d¹], Ta⁴⁺[5d¹], space group P2₁/c, pseudosymmetry of the molecules C_2v) deviates from pure single ion spin magnetism on account of ligand field effect (H_lf), spin‐orbit coupling (H_so), and intermolecular spin‐spin exchange interactions (H_ex). For both VCp₂Cl₂ and NbCp₂Cl₂ excellent adaptations to the measured susceptibility data were obtained (2 K ≤ T ≤ 300 K) on the basis of spectroscopic data (lf, so) and cooperative metal–metal interactions (ex) of antiferromagnetic nature [molecular field model (mf)]. For TaCp₂Cl₂ experimental term structure data are not available. Therefore, Jørgensen's spectroscopical series (g‐factor of the central ion) was applied to extrapolate the data set for TaCp₂Cl₂. H_lf, H_so, and H_ex (antiferromagnetic) increase in the order 3d¹ → 4d¹ → 5d¹ leading, with rising atomic number of the metals, to a distinct enhancement of the magnetic anisotropy. At 4 K the μ_eff components μ_eff,y (oriented perpendicular to the cg–M–cg plane; “cg” = center of gravity of the Cp ring), μ_eff,z (oriented along the twofold pseudoaxis), and μ_eff,x are 1.73, 1.69, 1.68 (V), 1.73, 1.62, 1.59 (Nb), and 1.71, 1.59, 1.49 (Ta). While μ_eff,y is independent of T, both μ_eff,z and μ_eff,x decrease with decreasing T.