Solution processable diketopyrrolopyrrole semiconductor: towards bio-electronic applications

In this paper, the possibility to use diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) for the construction of electrical devices designed to interact with animal cells was studied. For this purpose, the biocompatibility and electrical properties of the selected DPP derivative (3,6-bis(5-(benzofuran-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-2,5-bis(2-ethyl-hexyl)pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione) [referred as DPP(TBFu)₂] were researched. The electrical properties were studied using model organic field-effect transistors. Mainly investigated was under what conditions maximum charge carrier mobility can be achieved. Using the cumulative effect of self-assembled monolayers on dielectrics and electrodes and detailed thermal analysis of the DPP, a higher charge carrier mobility was achieved than has been previously reported (5.5?×?10^?3 cm² V^?1 s^?1). The biocompatibility was studied based on a culture of 3T3 fibroblasts. This research revealed that DPP(TBFu)₂ can be used in applications involving direct contact with living animal cells. The conclusions found with these model devices can be applied to components suitable for biosensing applications, e.g., water- or electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistors.     

Patterned Colloidal Photonic Crystals

Colloidal photonic crystals (PCs) have been well developed because they are easy to prepare, cost‐effective, and versatile with regards to modification and functionalization. Patterned colloidal PCs contribute a novel approach to constructing high‐performance PC devices with unique structures and specific functions. In this review, an overview of the strategies for fabricating patterned colloidal PCs, including patterned substrate‐induced assembly, inkjet printing, and selective immobilization and modification, is presented. The advantages of patterned PC devices are also discussed in detail, for example, improved detection sensitivity and response speed of the sensors, control over the flow direction and wicking rate of microfluidic channels, recognition of cross‐reactive molecules through an array‐patterned microchip, fabrication of display devices with tunable patterns, well‐arranged RGB units, and wide viewing‐angles, and the ability to construct anti‐counterfeiting devices with different security strategies. Finally, the perspective of future developments and challenges is presented.     

1-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylideneamino)-8-hydroxynaphthalene-3,6-disulfonic acid as a reagent for the spectrophotometric determination of boron in ceramic materials

A sensitive and selective spectrophotometric method for the determination of boron is described. The method is based on the colour reaction between boron and the reagent 1-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylideneamino)-8-hydroxynaphthalene-3,6-disulfonic acid (HMOA). In a HOAc-NH4OAc buffer of pH 5.5, HMOA reacts with boron to form a 1:2 yellow complex with a maximum absorption at 423 nm. The absorbance (lambdamax = 423 nm) is linear up to 1.2 microg ml(-1) boron in aqueous solution with a repeatability (RSD) of 1.12%. The molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity are 7.19 x 10(3) l mol(-1) cm(-1) and 0.0015 microg cm(-2), respectively. The limit of quantification and limit of detection were found to be 17.1 and 5.2 ng ml(-1), respectively. The interference of various ions was examined in detail. All the metal ions studied can be tolerated in considerable amounts; in particular, the tolerance limits of Fe, Al, Zn, Ca and Mg are superior to those of other reagents such as Azomethine-H and Azomethine-HR. The proposed method was applied to the determination of boron in ceramic materials with satisfactory results.     

Definitive heat of formation of methylenimine,CH2NH,and of methylenimmonium ion,CH2NH2+, by means of W2 theory

A long‐standing controversy concerning the heat of formation of methylenimine has been addressed by means of the W2 (Weizmann‐2) thermochemical approach. Our best calculated values, ΔH°_f,298(CH₂NH) = 21.1±0.5 kcal/mol and ΔH°_f,298(CH₂NH₂⁺) = 179.4±0.5 kcal/mol, are in good agreement with the most recent measurements but carry a much smaller uncertainty. As a byproduct, we obtain the first‐ever accurate anharmonic force field for methylenimine: upon consideration of the appropriate resonances, the experimental gas‐phase band origins are all reproduced to better than 10 cm^?1. Consideration of the difference between a fully anharmonic zero‐point vibrational energy and B3LYP/cc‐pVTZ harmonic frequencies scaled by 0.985 suggests that the calculation of anharmonic zero‐point vibrational energies can generally be dispensed with, even in benchmark work, for rigid molecules. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 1297–1305, 2001     

Studies on the Mass Spectra of N‐Aryl α,β‐Unsaturated γ‐Lactams

The mass spectra of a series of N‐aryl α,β‐unsaturated γ‐lactams were studied. Besides the molecular ion, the three characteristic fragments such as [M⁺‐29], [M⁺‐55], and [M⁺‐82] were commonly found in a series of N‐Aryl α,β‐unsaturated γ‐lactams in EI/MS. Further more the mechanism for the interpretation of these fragments is also de scribed.     

Synthesis of the Chiral Pair of a Novel Thromboxane Antagonist, 3‐[2‐(3‐Benzenesulfonylamino‐7‐oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐2‐yl‐methyl)phenyl] Propionic Acid

Preparation of the enantiomeric pair of 3‐[2‐(3‐benzenesulfonylamino‐7‐oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐2‐yl‐methyl)phenyl] propionic acid, a novel thromboxane antagonist is reported. They are synthesized from either enantiomers of known (1R,2R,3R,4S)‐3‐[2‐(3‐carboxy‐7‐oxabicyclo[2,2,1]hept‐2‐yl‐methyl)phenyl]‐propionic acid methyl ester via epimerization, modified Curtius' rearrangement and sulfonylamino formation. Other derivatives may be prepared similarly.     

Two isomorphous benzene­sulfon­amide crystal structures determined by intermolecular C—H⃛O,C—H⃛π and C—H⃛Cl interactions

The title compounds, N‐[5‐(4‐chloro­phenyl)­furan‐2‐yl­methyl]‐4‐methyl‐N‐(prop‐2‐ynyl)­benzene­sulfon­amide, (Ia), and N‐[5‐(2‐chloro­phenyl)­furan‐2‐yl­methyl]‐4‐methyl‐N‐(prop‐2‐ynyl)­benzene­sulfon­amide, (Ib), both C₂₁H₁₈ClNO₃S, have isomorphous crystal structures. The crystal packing is mainly determined by intermolecular C—H?O and C—H?π interactions. These interactions are very similar in (Ia) and (Ib). Additional intermolecular C—H?Cl interactions appear less important and are different in (Ia) and (Ib). The different positions of the Cl atoms result in small variations of the crystal packing of the two compounds.     

[Phthalocyaninato(2–)]­antimony(III) chloride

The title antimony(III) complex, [Sb(C₃₂H₁₆N₈)]Cl or [SbPc]Cl (where Pc = C₃₂H₁₆N₈²⁻), has been obtained from the reaction of pure powdered antimony with 1,2-di­cyano­benzene under a stream of ICl vapour. The asymmetric unit of this complex consists of an [SbPc]⁺ cation and a Cl⁻ anion. The phthalocyaninate residue [SbPc]⁺ is not planar. The Sb atom lies 1.057 (3) Å from the plane defined by the four iso­indole N atoms. A combination of ionic and donor–acceptor interactions links the [SbPc]Cl mol­ecules to form centrosymmetric [(SbPc)Cl]₂ pseudo-dimers in the crystal. The Sb—Cl distances in the pseudo-dimer are not equivalent [3.043 (2) and 3.201 (2) Å]. The pseudo-dimers are weakly linked through Cl⃛H—C_benzo interactions to form a three-dimensional network. As a result of these interactions, the four Sn—N_isoindole bond lengths in the [SbPc]⁺ residue are not equivalent and the symmetry of the Sb—N core is only close to C_s.