基于法布里-珀罗标准具的532 nm多普勒测风激光雷达系统设计和分析

 设计了采用532 nm 种子注入稳频钇铝石榴石（YAG）激光器作为辐射源的基于四通道法布里-珀罗标准具的瑞利和米散射测风激光雷达系统。介绍了激光雷达的多普勒测量基本原理;给出了雷达系统的主要参数,重点对基于分子后向散射信号的外侧双通道标准具的带宽、自由谱间距、峰值间距等指标进行了详细设计与分析,确定了内侧双通道标准具参数;对全系统速度灵敏度、信噪比与探测距离的关系进行了理论模拟。结果表明,可以实现从边界层至对流层高低空一体化探测。     

应用近红外光谱技术快速鉴别玉米杂交种纯度的研究

采用近红外光谱分析技术结合定性偏最小二乘法对农大108玉米杂交种的纯度进行了鉴别研究,实验采用农大108杂交种子与母本178种子各100粒进行单粒光谱扫描(建模集与检验集比例为3:1),结果表明:透射孔直径为3 mm 时,所建模型平均鉴别率为99.82%,显著高于透射孔直径为4.5 mm 时所建模型的鉴别率90.96%;采用胚乳面一次光谱、胚面两次平均光谱、胚乳面两次平均光谱和四次平均光谱进行建模,其平均鉴别率筹异不显著,检验集平均鉴别率均达到99%左右,略高于胚面一次光谱;选择透射孔径3.0 mm,4 000～8 000 cm1 光谱范围,种子胚乳面单次光谱所建立的农大108玉米杂交种的种子纯度鉴定模型的建模集和检验集的鉴别率均达到100%.     

用于实时溅射深度测量的新型Grimm辉光放电光源的设计

采用辉光放电光谱仪进行物质表面深度分析时,样品溅射深度是重要的分析信息.本文设计了一种新型Grimm辉光放电光源,此光源与激光位移测距传感器构成的测昔系统可对样品溅射深度进行实时测量,并保证了良好的辉光溅射效果和分辨多层结构及界面的能力.采用激光三角测量技术,在辉光光谱分析的同时对溅射深度进行实时测量,能够有效地解决传统深度分析方法中步骤繁琐以及对深度估算不准确等问题.本光源采用光纤将辉光光谱信号从光源传至多道分光光电检测系统,在结构上首次实现了元素光谱信号和溅射深度信号的实时采集及基于时间的同步分析,对标准样品得到了理想的实时溅射深度测量曲线.本文详细介绍了此新型辉光放电光源的设计思路和工作原理.本辉光放电光源具有良好的深度分辨率,在30 mA,900 V,20 min的溅射条件下,对铁基和铜基样品的溅射速率分别约为10和55 nm·s-1,文中给出了样品的溅射坑表面形貌图和溅射坑显微照片.对中低合金钢标准样品进行了分析精密度实验,分析精度良好,其中C,Cu,Al,Ni,Mo,Mn,V元素相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于1.7%.Cr和Si元素RSD小于2.6%,给出了实测数据.     

用于实时三维成像的双频结构光编解码方法

对三维重建中的实时性问题进行了研究,提出一种新的结构光双频测量方法。首先,投影光栅将基频正弦图案和高频正弦图案结合在一起,并保留一张图片作为直流分量,高频图案用于得出鲁棒性较好的高频相位信息,基频图案得出基频相位,并对高频相位进行展开,共5幅图片。其次,用相应的解码方法计算每一像素点的相位,滤除噪声干扰,得到照相机与投影仪的对应关系。最后,根据相位计算出每一采样点的三维坐标,实现三维重建。实验结果表明：计算得到的相位误差的方差为5.559 110-6 rad2,扫描时间为0.156 3 s,在保证实时性的同时有相对较高的精度。对表面深度变化复杂的物体进行三维测量,验证方法的可行性。相比较于传统的双频测量方法,本方法将投影图片数量减小到5幅的同时保持了较好的精度,可应用于扫描动态物体。     

Influence of non-Gaussian noise on a tumor growth system under immune surveillance

In this paper, the stationary probability distribution (SPD) function and the mean first passage time (MFPT) are investigated in a tumor growth model driven by non-Gaussian noise which is introduced to mimic random fluctuations in the levels of the immune system. Results demonstrate the different transitions induced by the strength of non-Gaussian noise under different immune coefficients and the dual roles of non-Gaussian noise in promoting host protection against cancer and in facilitating tumor escape from immune destruction. Additionally, it can be discovered that increases in noise strength, the degree of departure from Gaussian noise, and the immune coefficient can accelerate the extinction of tumor cells. Numerical simulations are performed, and their results present good agreement with the theoretical results.     

Melting temperature and enthalpy variations of phase change materials (PCMs): a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis is a standard thermal analysis technique used to determine the phase transition temperature, enthalpy, heat of fusion, specific heat and activation energy of phase change materials (PCMs). To determine the appropriate heating rate and sample mass, various DSC measurements were carried out using two kinds of PCMs, namely N-octadecane paraffin and calcium chloride hexahydrate. The variations in phase transition temperature, enthalpy, heat of fusion, specific heat and activation energy were observed within applicable heating rates and sample masses. It was found that the phase transition temperature range increased with increasing heating rate and sample mass; while the heat of fusion varied without any established pattern. The specific heat decreased with the increase of heating rate and sample mass. For accuracy purpose, it is recommended that for PCMs with high thermal conductivity (e.g. hydrated salt) the focus will be on heating rate rather than sample mass.     

银纳米光催化4-二乙基对巯基苯胺偶联反应机理的研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)对4-二乙基对巯基苯胺在Ag5簇上的光诱导催化偶联反应机理进行了理论研究.在B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p)基组水平上(Ag采用赝势基组Lan L2DZ)对反应过程中所有的过渡态、中间体的几何构型进行了优化,通过能量和振动频率分析以及内禀反应坐标(IRC)计算证实了过渡态和中间体的合理性.研究发现4-二乙基对巯基苯胺吸附在银簇上发生偶联反应生成偶氮苯的关键在氨基端两个乙基的脱去,反应过程中存在交叉点,通过"系间窜越"行为才能完成催化偶联过程.     

Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Steering and Quantum Phase Transition in Spin Chains

We study the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering and quantum phase transitions of the transverse Ising and antiferromagnetic XXZ spin-1/2 chains. By making use of steerable weight, we calculate the steerability for the bipartite subsystems of the models. It is shown that steerability vanishes abruptly and its value maintains zero in a region close to the critical point for the Ising chain. This result is quite different from the information provided by entanglement and quantum discord. While for the XXZ chain, steerability increases and reaches maximal at the critical point, indicating the occurrence of quantum phase transition.     

Projection-based Consistent Test for Linear Regression Model with Missing Response and Covariates

In recent years, there has been a large amount of literature on missing data. Most of them focus on situations where there is only missingness in response or covariate.In this paper, we consider the adequacy check for the linear regression model with the response and covariates missing simultaneously.We apply model adjustment and inverse probability weighting methods to deal with the missingness of response and covariate, respectively. In order to avoid the curse of dimension, we propose an empi...     

The singular solutions to a nonsymmetric system of Keyfitz-Kranzer type with initial data of Riemann type

The solutions to the Riemann problem for a nonsymmetric system of Keyfitz-Kranzer type are constructed explicitly when the initial data are located in the quarter phase plane. In particular, some singular hyperbolic waves are discovered when one of the Riemann initial data is located on the boundary of the quarter phase plane, such as the delta shock wave and some composite waves in which the contact discontinuity coincides with the shock wave or the wave back of rarefaction wave. The double Riemann problem for this system with three piecewise constant states is also considered when the delta shock wave is involved. Furthermore, the global solutions to the double Riemann problem are constructed through studying the interaction between the delta shock wave and the other elementary waves by using the method of characteristics. Some interesting nonlinear phenomena are discovered during the process of constructing solutions; for example, a delta shock wave is decomposed into a delta contact discontinuity and a shock wave.