Polystyrene resins with immobilized polyamines: Preparation,characterization, and ability to bind Cu(II) ions

Three polyamine ligands, ethylenediamine (EDA), diethylenetriamine (DTA), and triethylenetetramine (TETA), were bound to three chloromethylated “popcorn” polystyrene resins (16, 50, and 100% phenyl ring substitution) with the use of pyridine as the reaction medium. The rate of chloride displacement decreased with increasing molecular weight of the amine and higher degree of resin chloromethylation, while the extent of multiple attachments to the polymer matrix increased. The additional crosslinking, a result of multiple attachments, caused the polyamine resins to swell to a lesser extent in pyridine and water. The ability of the insoluble polyamine–polystyrene resins to chelate Cu²⁺ ions from dilute solutions (200 ppm) was determined at pH 5. With EDA resins the capacity for Cu²⁺ increased with increasing amount of the bound polyamine, with DTA it remained unchanged, while with TETA it was found to decrease.     

Metallchelate mit Acetophenon-Benzoylhydrazon und Acetophenon-Salicoylhydrazon

The stoichiometry and structure of acetophenone benzoylhydrazone and acetophenone salicoylhydrazone chelates with some divalent metal ions are studied by conductometric titration and visible and infra-red absorption spectrophotometry. The results are supported by analysis of the solid complexes. The infra-red study revealed that coordination occurs through C=O and C=N groups. The shift in the C=O and C=N bands is utilised for the determination of bond lengths.     

Zur Kenntnis der thermischen Zersetzung von Ammoniumhexafluoroscandat,-titanat,-vanadat und-chromat

Thermal analysis supported by kinetic calculations was applied exhaustively to these compounds. Under dynamic conditions, tetrafluorometallates(III), which as intermediates, could not be isolated, for the first three compounds. In each case, the final step was the pure metal(III) fluoride. Ammonium hexafluorochromate(III) decomposed directly to the pure chromium(III) fluoride. The decomposition rate of all compounds slowed down towards the end, probably for kinetic reasons. Polymorphic transitions of ammonium hexafluorotitanate(III) were observed at 35 and 100°C. Ammoniumhexafluoroscandate(III) underwent polymorphic transition at 47°C. The decomposition patterns for all these compounds were similar. Conditions for the preparation of pure ammonium tetrafluorometallates(III) of Sc, Ti and V are described.     

Marine adhesives. IV: Hexosamine content of Balanus eburneus adhesive

The adhesive secreted by the barnacle, Balanus eburneus, has been demonstrated to contain two hexosamines, glucosamine and galactosamine. Degradation of the hexosamines during hydrolysis of the adhesive appears to be the reason why previous studies of the adhesive have indicated the absence of hexosamines, or the presence of only one hexosamine.     

Polarographic reduction of pyridinium ion in pyridine tetraethylammonium perchlorate as background electrolyte

Tetraethylammonium perchlorate, compared to lithium perchlorate as background electrolyte for the reduction of pyridinium ion in pyridine, is effective over a wider potential range, but is more difficult to obtain in a pure state; slight amounts of impurities do not, however, affect the pyridinium wave. The pyridinium wave produced in 0.1 M Et₄NClO₄ may occur at a more negative potential than the main pyridinium wave in 0.1 M LiClO₄, depending on the source of the pyridinium ion, but still appears to be due to a diffusion-controlled reduction, whose limiting current is linearly proportional to concentration; the prewave observed in LiCl0₄ background generally does not appear in Et₄NClO₄ background. Specific differences in the effect of Li(I), Na(I) and Et₄N(I) background cation appear to be due to electrocapillary phenomena and perhaps to the extent of solvation of the ions. The constancy of current for solutions containing acetic acid with added acetate, pyridinium nitrate with added nitrate, and benzoic acid with added benzoate indicate that the pyridinium reduction is independent of anion concentration.     

Computational study on the ring-opening reaction of protonated oxirane and methylpropene

A computational study on the intermolecular reaction of protonated oxirane with methylpropene, as a model for initiation of oxidosqualene cyclisation, shows that the S_N2-like ring opening is strongly exothermic with a low barrier to reaction and establishes the geometry of the intermolecular reaction.     

Untersuchungen zur 3-Phononenabsorption in partiell kristallinen Polymeren

Zusammenfassung In dieser Arbeit wird die Dreiphononenabsorption in Polymeren, die den Hauptanteil an den dielektrischen Verlusten im Millimeterwellengebiet stellt, theoretisch und experimentell untersucht. Aus der Störungsrechnung bis zur 2. Ordnung wird die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Absorption abgeschätzt. Damit ist eine befriedigende Deutung des gesamten Temperaturverlaufs der dielektrischen Verlust-Kurven möglich. Im Hochtemperaturbereich läßt sich die Mehrphononenabsorption eindeutig gegenüber restlichen Relaxationsprozessen abgrenzen. Im Tieftemperaturgebiet konnte erstmals auch für das Millimeterwellengebiet ein temperaturunabhängiger Bestandteil fehlordnungsinduzierter Einphononenabsorption nachgewiesen werden. Im Übergangsbereich durchlaufen die Absorptionskurven einen Wendepunkt bei einer charakteristischen TemperaturT ₀, die dem Schwerpunkt der am Absorptionsprozeß beteiligten Phononenfrequenzen entspricht. Daraus konnten in Übereinstimmung mit dem Experiment die Frequenzen der niedrigsten optisch aktiven Phononen für die verschiedenen Polymeren abgeschätzt werden.

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Summary The 3-phonon absorption in polymers, which gives the main contribution to their dielectric loss in the microwave region, is theoretically and experimentally investigated. Perturbation theory up to the second order is used for the evaluation of its temperature dependence. The theoretical results allow an interpretation of the total absorption-temperature-curves: In the high temperature region 3-phonon absorption can be distinguished from residual relaxation losses (above the glass temperature). In the low temperature region the existence of a low frequency tail of temperature independent disorderinduced one-phonon absorption became evident. At intermediate temperatures (50–150°K) the curves show an inflexion point or plateau at a characteristic temperatureT ₀, which according toT ₀= ⁰, corresponds to the frequencies of those phonons, that mainly contribute to the multiphonon absorption. The plateau gives, in good agreement with the experiment, the frequencies of the lowest optically active phonons in the various polymers.

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Mit 6 Abbildungen in 8 Einzeldarstellungen

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Vorgetragen auf der Arbeitssitzung des Fachausschusses Physik der Hochpolymeren in der Frühjahrstagung 1970 des Regionalverbandes Hessen-Mittelrhein-Saar der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft in Darmstadt, 10.–13. März 1970.     

Structure des savons alcalins

Summary This is a systematic X-ray diffraction study of the structure of the mesomorphic phases occurring with potassium soaps ranging from C₈ to C₂₂.Four types of structure have been identified. The first is lamellar with both polar groups and paraffin chains in the crystalline state. The second is also lamellar, but with both polar groups and paraffin chains in the liquid state. The third corresponds to the localization of indefinitely long ribbons on a two-dimensional oblique lattice; polar groups are crystalline and paraffin chains desorganized. The fourth corresponds to the localization of discs on a three-dimensionnalB-faces centered orthorhombic lattice; polar groups are crystalline and paraffin chains disorganized.The structural parameters and the polymorphism of the polar groups have been discussed.

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Zusammenfassung Wir beschreiben hier eine systematische Röntgenstrahlendiffraktionsforschung der Struktur der mesomorphen Phasen von Kalium Seifen von C₈ bis C₂₂.Vier Strukturtypen wurden gefunden. Die erste Struktur ist lamellar; beides, die polaren Gruppen und die Paraffinketten sind kristallisiert. Die zweite Struktur ist auch lamellar; aber in diesem Falle sind beides, die polaren Gruppen und Paraffinketten geschmolzen. Die dritte Struktur entspricht einer Lokalisation von Seifenbändern in einem zweidimensionalen monoklinen Gitter; die polaren Gruppen sind kristallisiert und die Paraffinketten geschmolzen. Die vierte Struktur entspricht einer Lokalisation von Seifenscheiben in einemB-flächenzentrierten orthorhombischen Raumgitter; die Polargruppen sind kristallisiert und die Paraffinketten geschmolzen.Wir haben aus den experimentellen Resultaten einige Schlußfolgerungen gezogen.