全文获取类型
收费全文 | 86403篇 |
免费 | 18459篇 |
国内免费 | 647篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 74581篇 |
晶体学 | 408篇 |
力学 | 3825篇 |
综合类 | 42篇 |
数学 | 13575篇 |
物理学 | 13078篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 378篇 |
2023年 | 4126篇 |
2022年 | 1630篇 |
2021年 | 2691篇 |
2020年 | 4800篇 |
2019年 | 2506篇 |
2018年 | 3623篇 |
2017年 | 2188篇 |
2016年 | 6566篇 |
2015年 | 6307篇 |
2014年 | 5736篇 |
2013年 | 6495篇 |
2012年 | 6923篇 |
2011年 | 4085篇 |
2010年 | 5721篇 |
2009年 | 5353篇 |
2008年 | 2269篇 |
2007年 | 2107篇 |
2006年 | 1288篇 |
2005年 | 5069篇 |
2004年 | 4515篇 |
2003年 | 2903篇 |
2002年 | 1127篇 |
2001年 | 766篇 |
2000年 | 510篇 |
1999年 | 513篇 |
1998年 | 359篇 |
1997年 | 352篇 |
1996年 | 344篇 |
1995年 | 420篇 |
1994年 | 364篇 |
1993年 | 411篇 |
1992年 | 438篇 |
1991年 | 393篇 |
1990年 | 380篇 |
1988年 | 347篇 |
1985年 | 351篇 |
1984年 | 366篇 |
1980年 | 361篇 |
1979年 | 352篇 |
1977年 | 491篇 |
1976年 | 584篇 |
1975年 | 611篇 |
1974年 | 620篇 |
1973年 | 445篇 |
1972年 | 475篇 |
1971年 | 417篇 |
1970年 | 603篇 |
1969年 | 473篇 |
1968年 | 523篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
Fundamental understanding of aerosol formation and particle transport are important aspects of understanding and improving
laser-ablation ICP–MS. To obtain more information about particles entering the ICP, laser aerosols generated under different
ablation conditions were collected on membrane filters. The particles and agglomerates were then visualised using scanning
electron microscope (SEM) imaging. To determine variations between different sample matrices, opaque (USGS BCR-2G) and transparent
(NIST SRM 610) glass, CaF2, and brass (MBH B26) samples were ablated using two different laser wavelengths, 193 and 266 nm. This study showed that the
condensed nano-particles (∼10 nm in diameter) formed by laser ablation reach the ICP as micron-sized agglomerates; this is
apparent from filters which contain only a few well-separated particles and particle agglomerates. Ablation experiments on
different metals and non-metals show that the structure of the agglomerates is matrix-dependent. Laser aerosols generated
from silicates and metals form linear agglomerates whereas particle-agglomerates of ablated CaF2 have cotton-like structures. Amongst other conditions, this study shows that the absorption characteristics of the sample
and the laser wavelength determine the production of micron-sized spherical particles formed by liquid droplet ejection. 相似文献
992.
Designs, Codes and Cryptography - In this paper, we complete the classification of the caps in $$\text{ PG }(n,q)$$ having the property that on every tangent line L, there exists a unique point... 相似文献
993.
De Sujit Kumar Bhattacharya Kousik 《Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications》2022,192(2):598-627
Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications - This article deals with an economic production quantity (EPQ) model with deterioration under the effect of environmental pollution in fuzzy... 相似文献
994.
Dr. Theodor N. Kleinert Dr. Roderick E. Townshend 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》1970,101(2):375-379
Zusammenfassung Die beim Verstrecken sowie Mahlen von künstlichen organischen Fasermaterialien (Polyester-, Polyamid- und Viskosefasern) als Folge homolytischer Kettenspaltungen auftretende Freiradikalbildung wurde untersucht.
Mit 3 Abbildungen
Die Elektronspinresonanz-Messungen wurden im Chemischen Institut der Sir George Williams University, Montreal, Canada, durchgeführt. 相似文献
Mechanochemical reactions in synthetic organic fibres
The formation of free radicals due to homolytic chain fission occurring in the course of stretching and grinding of synthetic organic fibres (polyester, polyamide, and viscose fibres) has been investigated by means of ESR spectroscopy.
Mit 3 Abbildungen
Die Elektronspinresonanz-Messungen wurden im Chemischen Institut der Sir George Williams University, Montreal, Canada, durchgeführt. 相似文献
995.
R. D. Sinisterra R. Najjar O. L. Alves P. S. Santos C. A. Alves De Carvalho A. L. Conde Da Silva 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》1995,22(2):91-98
The preparation and characterization of the 1:1 inclusion compound of rhodium(II) -methyl cinnamate in -cyclodextrin is reported. Evidence of inclusion was obtained from X-ray powder diffraction results, Raman, IR and UV-Vis spectroscopic studies and thermal analysis. Given the potential antitumor activity of the rhodium(II) carboxylate and its virtual insolubility in water, its inclusion in -cyclodextrin opens the possibility for its transference to the aqueous phase. 相似文献
996.
Zusammenfassung Es wird eine für alle Stromführungen einheitliche Näherungsgleichung mit drei oder vier anpaßbaren Parametern zur Berechnung des Korrekturfaktors für die mittlere logarithmische Temperaturdifferenz angegeben. Die anpaßbaren Parameter wurden für etwa 50 verschiedene Stromführungen durch Ausgleichsrechnung bestimmt. Die Genauigkeit der Gleichung ist für die Berechnung im praktisch wichtigen Bereich mehr als ausreichend.
Formelzeichen A Übertragungsfläche - a, b, c, d Parameter der Näherungsgleichung - Wärmekapazitätsstrom - F Korrekturfaktor für die logarithmische mittlere Temperaturdifferenz - k Wärmedurchgangskoeffizient - m, n Zahl der Durchgänge oder Einzelapparate - NTU Anzahl der Übertragungseinheiten (number of transfer units); NTUi=kA/ i - P dimensionslose Temperaturänderung - R Wärmekapazitätsstromverhältnis;R 1=1/2;R 2=2/1 - relativer Fehler - Mittelwert von NTU1 und NTU2 Indizes 1, 2 Stoffstrom 1, 2 - G Gegenstrom - s Schätzwert Herrn Prof. Dr.-Ing. E.h. K. Stephan zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet. 相似文献
New approximate equation for uniform heat exchanger design
An approximate equation with three or four empirical parameters for the uniform calculation of the LMTD-correction factor of all heat exchanger configurations is proposed. The empirical parameters have been determined for about 50 different flow configurations using least squares estimation. The accuracy of the equation is more than sufficient for practical design purposes.
Formelzeichen A Übertragungsfläche - a, b, c, d Parameter der Näherungsgleichung - Wärmekapazitätsstrom - F Korrekturfaktor für die logarithmische mittlere Temperaturdifferenz - k Wärmedurchgangskoeffizient - m, n Zahl der Durchgänge oder Einzelapparate - NTU Anzahl der Übertragungseinheiten (number of transfer units); NTUi=kA/ i - P dimensionslose Temperaturänderung - R Wärmekapazitätsstromverhältnis;R 1=1/2;R 2=2/1 - relativer Fehler - Mittelwert von NTU1 und NTU2 Indizes 1, 2 Stoffstrom 1, 2 - G Gegenstrom - s Schätzwert Herrn Prof. Dr.-Ing. E.h. K. Stephan zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet. 相似文献
997.
Ambiguous loci of the metric projection onto compact starshaped sets in a Banach space 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
LetE be a real Banach space andL(E) the family of all nonempty compact starshaped subsets ofE. Under the Hausdorff distance,L(E) is a complete metric space. The elements of the complement of a first Baire category subset ofL(E) are called typical elements ofL(E). ForXL(E) we denote by
the metrical projection ontoX, i.e. the mapping which associates to eachaE the set of all points inX closest toa. In this note we prove that, ifE is strictly convex and separable with dimE2, then for a typicalXL(E) the map
is not single valued at a dense set of points. Moreover, we show that a typical element ofL(E) has kernel consisting of one point and set of directions dense in the unit sphere ofE. 相似文献
998.
In this paper we consider a new class of convex bodies which was introduced in [11]. This is the class of belt bodies, and it is a natural generalization of the class of zonoids (see the surveys [18, 28, 24]). While the class of zonoids is not dense in the family of all centrally symmetric, convex bodies, the class of belt bodies is dense in the set of all convex bodies. Nevertheless, we shall extend solutions of combinatorial problems for zonoids (cf. [2, 12]) to the class of belt bodies. Therefore, we first introduce the set of belt bodies by using zonoids as starting point. (To make the paper self-contained, a few parts of the approach from [11] are given repeatedly.) Second, complete solutions of three well-known (and generally unsolved) problems from the combinatorial geometry of convex bodies are given for the class of belt bodies. The first of these, connected with the names of I. Gohberg and H. Hadwiger, is the problem of covering a convex body with smaller homothetic copies, or the equivalent illumination problem. The second is the Szökefalvi-Nagy problem, which asks for the determination of the convex bodies whose families of translates have a given Helly dimension. The third problem concerns special fixing systems, a notion which is due to L. Fejes Tóth. These solutions consist of improved and more general approaches to recently solved problems (as in the case of the Helly-dimensional classification of belt bodies) or new results (as those concerning minimal fixing systems, providing also an answer to a problem of B. Grünbaum which is not only restricted to belt bodies). 相似文献
999.
1000.
Abe K Abt I Ahn CJ Akagi T Ash WW Aston D Bacchetta N Baird KG Baltay C Band HR Barakat MB Baranko G Bardon O Barklow T Bazarko AO Ben-David R Benvenuti AC Bienz T Bilei GM Bisello D Blaylock G Bogart JR Bolton T Bower GR Brau JE Breidenbach M Bugg WM Burke D Burnett TH Burrows PN Busza W Calcaterra A Caldwell DO Calloway D Camanzi B Carpinelli M Cassell R Castaldi R Castro A Cavalli-Sforza M Church E Cohn HO Coller JA Cook V Cotton R Cowan RF Coyne DG D'Oliveira A Damerell CJ Dasu S 《Physical review letters》1995,74(9):1512-1516