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971.
We analyse a model for equilibrium configurations of composite systems of nematic liquid crystal with polymer inclusions, in the presence of an external magnetic field. We assume that the system has a periodic structure, and consider the relaxed problem on the unit length constraint of the nematic director field. The relaxation of the Oseen–Frank energy functional is carried out by including bulk as well as surface energy penalty terms, rendering the problem fully non‐linear. We employ two‐scale convergence methods to obtain effective configurations of the system, as the size of the polymeric inclusions tends to zero. We discuss the minimizers of the effective energies for, both, the constrained as well as the unconstrained models. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
972.
M. A. Efendiev J. Fuhrmann S. V. Zelik 《Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences》2004,27(8):907-930
For the Boussinesq approximation of the equations of coupled heat and fluid flow in a porous medium we show that the corresponding system of partial differential equations possesses a global attractor. We give lower and upper bounds of the Hausdorff dimension of the attractor depending on a physical parameter of the system, namely the Rayleigh number of the flow. Numerical experiments confirm the theoretical findings and raise new questions on the structure of the solutions of the system. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
973.
974.
Matveeva E. D. Podrugina T. A. Grishin Yu. K. Tkachev V. V. Zhdankin V. V. Aldoshin S. M. Zefirov N. S. 《Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry》2003,39(4):536-541
A mixed phosphonium-iodonium ylide, phenyliodoniumethoxycarbonylmethylenetriphenylphosphorane borofluoride, was synthesized. Its structure was established by means of X-ray diffraction analysis. Temperature dependence of 1H, 13C, and 31P spectra of the ylide synthesized was investigated. A dynamic equilibrium between Z and E-isomers was observed. 相似文献
975.
976.
M. S. Nikol'skii 《Differential Equations》2003,39(11):1603-1608
977.
Stephen M. Robinson 《Mathematical Programming》2003,97(1-2):245-265
This is an expository paper about the analysis of variational conditions over sets defined in finite-dimensional spaces by
fairly smooth functions satisfying a constraint qualification. The primary focus is on results that can provide quantitative
and computable sensitivity information for particular instances of the problems under study, and our objective is to give
a personal view of the state of current knowledge in this area and of gaps in that knowledge that require future work. The
writing style is informal, in keeping with the objective of focusing the reader's attention on the basic concepts and the
relationships between them, rather than on details of the particular results themselves.
Received: December 1, 2002 / Accepted: April 25, 2003
Published online: May 28, 2003
Key words. variational condition – variational inequality – complementarity – sensitivity – stability – nondegeneracy
Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): Primary: 90C31. Secondary: 47J20, 49J40, 49J53, 90C33 相似文献
978.
In this paper political and economic rationality is modelled regarding an economic problem with a four-dimensional dynamical system taking into consideration the information about the problem spread among the people who support the political alternatives. Under special parameter conditions velcro bifurcation occurs, which destabilizes the equilibrium points when information is going to spread. The last stable equilibrium point is related to the economically rational equilibrium point. 相似文献
979.
I. P. Kuranova K. M. Polyakov E. A. Smirnova W. E. Höhne V. S. Lamzin R. Meijer 《Crystallography Reports》2003,48(6):953-958
Crystals of Saccharomyces cerevisiae inorganic pyrophosphatase suitable for X-ray diffraction study were grown by cocrystallization of the enzyme with cobalt chloride and imidodiphosphate. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a metal-dependent enzyme which catalyzes hydrolysis of inorganic pyrophosphate to orthophosphate. The three-dimensional structure of this enzyme was solved by the molecular-replacement method and refined at 1.8 Å resolution to an R factor of 19.5%. Cobalt and phosphate ions were revealed in the active centers of both identical subunits (A and B) of the pyrophosphatase molecule. In subunit B, a water molecule was found between two cobalt ions. It is believed that this water molecule acts as an attacking nucleophile in the enzymatic cleavage of the pyrophosphate bond. It was demonstrated that cobalt ions and a phosphate group occupy only part of the potential binding sites (two chemically identical and crystallographically independent subunits have different binding sites). The arrangement of ligands and the structure of the nucleophile-binding site are discussed in relation to the mechanism of action of the enzyme and the nature of the metal activator. 相似文献
980.
A crystalline quartz plate of thickness 1.070 mm is calibrated between 370 and 794 nm. Throughout this spectral interval, the retardance varied by 32π and the plate introduced quarterwave retardance 16 times at different wavelengths. The birefringence (ne−no) of crystalline quartz was calculated as a single quantity and varied from 0.00971 at 370 nm to 0.00891 at 794 nm. All measurements were carried out at 23°C. 相似文献