Polymerization and characterization of high conductivity and good adhension polypyrrole films for electromagnetic interference shielding

<正>Polypyrrole(PPy) shows a favorable application in the electromagnetic interference(EMI) shielding due to its good electrical conductivity and outstanding air stability.Conducting PPy films with high conductivity and good adhesion were successfully polymerized on the surface of insulating epoxy resin substrates using chemical polymerization.The factors affecting the properties of PPy films,such as the surface morphology,adhesion between PPy film and substrate,electrical conductivity,EMI shielding effectiveness(SE),were investigated.The adhesion was improved significantly through a three-step surface pretreatment of epoxy resin substrates including removing impurities,roughening,and surface modification with silane coupling agent.An enhancement in the conductivity of PPy films of about one order of magnitude was achieved by adding dopant in FeCl_3 solution.The higher the conductivity,the better the shielding effectiveness.Taking sodium p-toluenesulfonate doped PPy film as example,EMI SE was in the practically useful range of about 30 dB over a wide frequency range from 30 MHz to 1500 MHz.The PPy film samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM),infrared spectra(IR),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and the flange coaxial transmission device.The fourpoint probe method was used to measure conductivity of PPy films.     

Xanthan Sulfuric Acid as an Efficient Biodegradable and Recyclable Catalyst for the One‐Pot Synthesis of α‐Amino Phosphonates

A convenient and efficient procedure for the synthesis of α‐amino phosphonates by a one‐pot, three‐component condensation of aldehydes, amine, and diethyl phosphite in the presence of xanthan sulfuric acid as a bio‐supported catalyst under solvent‐free conditions has been developed. A wide range of α‐amino phosphonates have been obtained in high to excellent yields. Furthermore, the catalyst can be recovered simply and reused several times in subsequent reactions.     

Magnetic nanoparticles encapsulated latexes prepared with photo-initiated miniemulsion polymerization

This study describes the use of photo-initiated miniemulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate and the incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles. With photo-initiator in the oil-in-water miniemulsion, UV irradiation led to the formation of polymer latexes after 15 min with the reaction temperature lower than 45 °C. Moreover, this method can be applied for the incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles. The particle sizes were measured by laser particle analyzer which showed narrow distributions. The morphology of the particles was examined with a transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope. The incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles was characterized with X-ray diffraction and vibrating sample magnetometer, both of which demonstrated that magnetic nanoparticles had been successfully incorporated into the polymer matrix.     

导电聚吡咯共聚物薄膜的功能基团种类对蛋白质吸附的影响

导电聚合物由于其优越的稳定性和电化学性质,一直是蛋白质芯片敏感膜的研究热点.采用化学氧化聚合法分别制备出氨基和羧基功能化导电聚吡咯共聚物薄膜,通过调节体系单体比例(体积比)来改变导电共聚物的化学结构.采用傅里叶变换红外光谱表征了共聚物的化学组成,利用电化学循环伏安法考察共聚物薄膜的电化学活性变化.在此基础上,采用表面等离子谐振生化分析仪原位考察了牛血清白蛋白(BSA)在共聚物薄膜上的吸附动力学过程.由于共聚物薄膜上的功能基团的种类和含量不同,导致BSA吸附动力学和吸附量的差异.可以明显看出,蛋白质更容易在具有高的氨基密度或低的羧基密度的导电聚吡咯薄膜上进行吸附,随着氨基基团含量的增加,BSA在聚合物薄膜上的吸附量增大.相反,随着羧基基团含量的增大,BSA在共聚物薄膜上的吸附量减小.通过上述方法,可以控制蛋白质在导电聚合物上的吸附行为,进而为构建出更为敏感的、可精确控制的蛋白质芯片奠定基础.     

DNA在氨基功能化偶氮苯自组装膜表面的固定

采用简单快速的方法制备出将DNA固定在其表面的单分子层敏感膜.首先采用表面自组装技术将硅氧烷基偶氮苯衍生物H2NAzoCONHC3Si(OCH3)3(APDA-N-TMSPBA)组装在硅表面,在详细考察单分子层薄膜的化学结构、表面浸润性和分子表面形貌之后,又通过紫外吸收光谱(UV)在位考察了硅氧烷基偶氮苯衍生物的光学异构特性.在DNA在自组装薄膜固定后,X光电子能谱仪(XPS)结果显示出现了明显的磷元素信号,表明DNA分子可以成功固定在自组装膜表面.     

二维有限能量约束下最优导航问题的理论分析

最近，Li等研究了在Kleinberg导航模型中引入总能量／l=cⅣ约束后的最优导航问题，其中4为网络中所有长程连边的长度之和，C为正常数，Ⅳ为网络节点总数．他们通过在1维和2维导航模型中的模拟结果推测，在有限能量约束下Kleinberg导航模型中按照幂律方式添加长程连边的最优幂指数应该是α=d＋1，其中d为导航模型的维数．本文在平均场理论下，建立了2维有限能量约束下的导航过程的动态微分方程，通过对该方程进行数学分析以及数值求解，从理论上证明了当网络规模足够大且总能量相对较小时，2维有限能量约束下的最优导航幂指数确实为α=3，这一结果证实了Li等之前的推测．     

An almost linear time algorithm for field splitting in radiation therapy

In this paper, we study an interesting geometric partition problem, called optimal field splitting, which arises in Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT). In current clinical practice, a multi-leaf collimator (MLC) with a maximum leaf spread constraint is used to deliver the prescribed intensity maps (IMs). However, the maximum leaf spread of a MLC may require to split a large intensity map into several overlapping sub-IMs with each being delivered separately. We develop a close-to-linear time algorithm for solving the field splitting problem while minimizing the total complexity of the resulting sub-IMs, thus improving the treatment delivery efficiency. Meanwhile, our algorithm strives to minimize the maximum beam-on time of those sub-IMs. Our basic idea is to formulate the field splitting problem as computing a shortest path in a directed acyclic graph, which expresses a special “layered” structure. The edge weights of the graph satisfy the Monge property, which enables us to solve this shortest path problem by examining only a small portion of the graph, yielding a close-to-linear time algorithm. To minimize the maximum beam-on time of the resulting sub-IMs, we consider an interesting min–max slope path problem in a monotone polygon which is solvable in linear time. The min–max slope path problem may be of interest in its own right. Experimental results based on real medical data and computer generated IMs showed that our new algorithm runs fast and produces high quality field splitting results.