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31.
In the 21st century, hydrogen energy is a novel energy source. Its use is expected to mitigate the problems of environmental pollution and global warming caused by the excessive use of conventional fossil fuels. The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) for water splitting has attracted considerable attention because of its environmental friendliness. To improve electrocatalyst performance and reduce operation cost, carbon-based metal hybrid materials exhibiting high efficiency and catalytic activity have been developed. Among them, carbon dots (CDs) have garnered significant research attention and have been widely applied in biosensing, bioimaging, and energy conversion/storage because of their facile synthesis, biocompatibility, tunable photoluminescence, excellent stability, and good electronic properties. CDs are widely used as carriers in the construction of electrocatalysts prepared from carbon-based metal hybrid materials. At present, it is believed that CDs exhibit excellent confinement effects, which can effectively inhibit the growth and agglomeration of metal nanoparticles, thereby preparing well-distributed carbon-based metal hybrid materials with a uniform and controllable size. However, the formation process of the small-molecule raw materials of CDs has not been elucidated. In this study, CDs and small-molecule raw materials from synthetic CDs were used as precursors to prepare nitrogen-doped CD-supported ruthenium nanoparticle (Ru@CDs) and small-molecule-supported ruthenium nanoparticle (Ru@Molecule) hybrid materials, respectively. The interaction between the small molecules and Ru in the process of CD formation and the effect on HER performance were explored. Moreover, we prepared different carriers such as metal organic frameworks(MOF), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene (GO)-supported ruthenium nanoparticle hybrid materials. Among them, Ru@CDs exhibited controllable size and excellent dispersibility and exhibited outstanding HER activity and good stability. Ru@CDs were found to require a low overpotential of 22 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA·cm−2. Moreover, we observed the presence of an intermediate state between the molecules and CDs and demonstrated that the intermediate state exhibits no confinement effect. Furthermore, we found that with increasing calcination temperature, the intermediate state gradually changes to CDs. The unique spatial confinement between CDs and metal ions is key to the formation of monodisperse Ru nanoparticles. Our results confirmed that Ru@CDs serve as excellent HER catalyst supports. This work not only reveals the effect of the unique spatial confinement of CDs on the supported metals and their promoting effect on electrocatalytic activity but also provides guides the future development of CD-based metal hybrid electrocatalysts. 相似文献
32.
以H2S和CS2作硫化剂,用PPS和TPDS方法研究了水煤气变换催化剂CoMoK/γ-Al2O3的硫化及反硫化过程。用H2S/H2硫化时,只发现H2S的消耗和H2O的生成,用CS2/H2硫化时,只发现H2S的消耗和H2O的生成。用CS2/H2硫化时,首先生成CO2,然后是CH4,H2O和H2S,TPG实验表明催化剂表面上积炭,造成催化剂和活性降低,但积炭在水煤变换反应进行了逐渐除法。TPDS实验表 相似文献
33.
杂原子B—ZSM—35沸石的干法合成,表征及CO+H2反应性能的研究 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
首次利用吸附态模板剂在Na2O-SiO2-B2O3-DEA干粉体系中合成了杂原子B-SZM-35沸石,XRD,SEM,IR,及CO加氢反应研究了其物理化学特性。结果表明,B原子同晶取代Al原子进入ZSM-35沸石骨加。 相似文献
34.
Zhang Z Wang J Yuan H Gao Y Liu D Song L Xiang Y Zhao X Liu L Luo S Dou X Mou S Zhou W Xie S 《The journal of physical chemistry. B》2005,109(39):18352-18355
At a low temperature of 450 degrees C, ZnS nanoribbons have been synthesized on Si and KCl substrates by a simple chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method with a two-temperature-zone furnace. Zinc and sulfur powders are used as sources in the different temperature zones. X-ray diffraction (XRD), selected area electron diffraction (SEAD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis show that the ZnS nanoribbons are the wurtzite structure, and there are two types-single-crystal and bicrystal nanoribbons. Photoluminescence (PL) spectrum shows that the spectrum mainly includes two parts: a purple emission band centering at about 390 nm and a blue emission band centering at about 445 nm with a weak green shoulder around 510 nm. 相似文献
35.
本文研究跳适应向后Euler方法求解跳扩散随机微分方程在非全局Lipschitz条件下的强收敛性.通过克服方程非全局Lipschitz系数给收敛性分析带来的主要困难,我们成功地建立了跳适应后向Euler方法的强收敛性结果并得到相应的收敛率.最后,我们通过数值试验对前文所得理论结果做进一步的验证. 相似文献
36.
A full-wave solution is presented for the waveguide to microstrip transition. The exact Green's function of the transition is used in a moment method procedure. The behavior of the microstrip transition to a rectangular waveguide is studied with respect to the critical dimensions of the microstrip width, length and backshort location. The convergence characteristics of the full wave analysis method are investigated, along with the current distribution and the input impedance. Results given for the return loss is compared with measurements. 相似文献
37.
Hong-Shuo Li J. M. Cadogan Jian-Min Xu S. X. Dou H. K. Liu 《Hyperfine Interactions》1994,94(1):1929-1935
A study of the Nd-Fe-Ti phases at the Fe-rich end of the phase diagram has been carried out using57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). In particular,57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy has been used to characterize the phases present in these samples. In addition to the two well-known 217 and 112 phases, twonovel phases have been identified, with compositions denoted by3–29 and9–94, which are closely linked to the orthorhombic ScFe6Ga6-type and the hexagonal TbCu7-type structures, respectively. The possible crystal structures of these new phases will be discussed in terms of the dumbbell substitution sequence in the CaCu5 structure. 相似文献
38.
Y. Lian H. Gao S. X. Dou H. Wang P. Ye Q. Guan J. Wang 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》1994,59(6):655-658
Mechanism transitions of Self-Pumped Phase Conjugation (SPPC) with wavelength and doping concentration are observed in KTN:Fe (KTa1 –x
Nb
x
O3:Fe with
x
= 0.48) crystals. The SPPC mechanism in KTN: Fe (0.4 wt. %) crystal transforms from Stimulated Photorefractive Backscattering and Four-Wave Mixing (SPB-FWM) to cat (or total internal reflection) as the wavelength increases from 514.5 nm to 620 nm. SPPC at 514.5 nm is formed with the cat mechanism in a 0.2 wt. % doped KTN:Fe crystal, while with the SPB-FWM mechanism in a 0.4 wt. % doped one. These mechanism transitions are discussed with respect to the dependence of the backscattering gain coefficient of the crystals on wavelength and doping concentration. 相似文献
39.
40.
用新颖的干粉方法合成系列沸石的研究已从五元环沸石延伸到具有四元环和六元环的方钠石。本研究运用干粉方法在Na2O-SiO2-Al2O3混合物中分别以乙醇胺和乙二胺-氟化物为模板,合成出了方钠石。有机模板剂以吸附态模板方式进入体系。用XRD数据、扫描电镜图及红外光谱测试结果对实验产品做了表征。结果表明,干粉体系制备的方钠石的晶胞参数小于水热体系和非水体系合成的方钠石的相应值。而以乙醇胺为模板制备的方钠石与以乙二胺-氟化物为模板的样品比较,后者具有较快的晶化速度、较小的晶胞体积和晶粒 相似文献