全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1485篇 |
免费 | 43篇 |
国内免费 | 11篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1136篇 |
晶体学 | 2篇 |
力学 | 13篇 |
数学 | 228篇 |
物理学 | 160篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 13篇 |
2022年 | 72篇 |
2021年 | 55篇 |
2020年 | 25篇 |
2019年 | 25篇 |
2018年 | 26篇 |
2017年 | 23篇 |
2016年 | 41篇 |
2015年 | 35篇 |
2014年 | 46篇 |
2013年 | 89篇 |
2012年 | 84篇 |
2011年 | 92篇 |
2010年 | 71篇 |
2009年 | 53篇 |
2008年 | 96篇 |
2007年 | 84篇 |
2006年 | 99篇 |
2005年 | 76篇 |
2004年 | 61篇 |
2003年 | 53篇 |
2002年 | 46篇 |
2001年 | 23篇 |
2000年 | 20篇 |
1999年 | 11篇 |
1998年 | 21篇 |
1997年 | 9篇 |
1996年 | 13篇 |
1995年 | 11篇 |
1994年 | 16篇 |
1993年 | 10篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1991年 | 9篇 |
1990年 | 11篇 |
1989年 | 11篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1985年 | 14篇 |
1984年 | 12篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1971年 | 4篇 |
1943年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1539条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
Dorota Kostrzewa Agnieszka Dobrzyska-Inger Barbara Mazurek Marcin Kostrzewa 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(7)
Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction was used to extract carotenoids from dry paprika Capsicum annuum. Studies regarding the effect of process parameters, including pressure (25–45 MPa), temperature (40–60 °C), and time (10–110 min), were carried out using response surface methodology. It was found that under optimal conditions (pressure of 45 MPa, temperature of 50 °C, and time of 74 min), the extract yield was 10.05%, and the total content of carotenoids in the extract was 4.21%, in good agreement with the predicted values (10.24% and 4.24%, respectively). Composition analysis showed that paprika extract mainly consisted of linoleic acid. There was no significant difference between the fatty acid content of the extracts obtained by SC-CO2 extraction and n-hexane Soxhlet extraction. For functional purposes, the effect of storage conditions and time on the quality of paprika extract was also specified. 相似文献
72.
Dr. Dominique Laniel Dr. Florian Trybel Dr. Adrien Néri Yuqing Yin Andrey Aslandukov Dr. Timofey Fedotenko Saiana Khandarkhaeva Dr. Ferenc Tasnádi Dr. Stella Chariton Dr. Carlotta Giacobbe Dr. Eleanor Lawrence Bright Dr. Michael Hanfland Dr. Vitali Prakapenka Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Schnick Prof. Dr. Igor A. Abrikosov Prof. Dr. Leonid Dubrovinsky Prof. Dr. Natalia Dubrovinskaia 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2022,28(62):e202201998
Non-metal nitrides are an exciting field of chemistry, featuring a significant number of compounds that can possess outstanding material properties. These properties mainly rely on maximizing the number of strong covalent bonds, with crosslinked XN6 octahedra frameworks being particularly attractive. In this study, the phosphorus–nitrogen system was studied up to 137 GPa in laser-heated diamond anvil cells, and three previously unobserved phases were synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy measurements and density functional theory calculations. δ-P3N5 and PN2 were found to form at 72 and 134 GPa, respectively, and both feature dense 3D networks of the so far elusive PN6 units. The two compounds are ultra-incompressible, having a bulk modulus of K0=322 GPa for δ-P3N5 and 339 GPa for PN2. Upon decompression below 7 GPa, δ-P3N5 undergoes a transformation into a novel α′-P3N5 solid, stable at ambient conditions, that has a unique structure type based on PN4 tetrahedra. The formation of α′-P3N5 underlines that a phase space otherwise inaccessible can be explored through materials formed under high pressure. 相似文献
73.
Artur Wiktor Magdalena Chadzynska Katarzyna Rybak Magdalena Dadan Dorota Witrowa-Rajchert Malgorzata Nowacka 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(4)
In recent years, an increasing interest in reducing sugar consumption has been observed and many studies are conducted on the use of polyols in the osmotic dehydration process to obtain candied or dried fruits. The studies in the literature have focused on the kinetics of the process as well as the basic physical properties. In the scientific literature, there is a lack of investigation of the influence of such polyol solutions such as sorbitol and mannitol used as osmotic substances during the osmotic dehydration process on the contents of bioactive components, including natural colourants. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of polyols (mannitol and sorbitol) in different concentrations on the process kinetics and on chosen physical (colour and structural changes) as well as chemical (sugars and polyol content, total anthocyanin content, total polyphenol content, vitamin C, antioxidant activity) properties of osmotic-dehydrated organic strawberries. Generally, the results showed that the best solution for osmotic dehydration is 30% or 40% sorbitol solutions, while mannitol solution is not recommended due to difficulties with preparing a high-concentration solution and its crystallization in the tissue. In the case of sorbitol, the changes of bioactive compounds, as well as colour change, were similar to the sucrose solution. However, the profile of the sugar changed significantly, in which sucrose, glucose, and fructose were reduced in organic strawberries and were partially replaced by polyols. 相似文献
74.
Synonyms and homonyms appear in all natural languages. We analyze their evolution within the framework of the signaling game. Agents in our model use reinforcement learning, where probabilities of selection of a communicated word or of its interpretation depend on weights equal to the number of accumulated successful communications. When the probabilities increase linearly with weights, synonyms appear to be very stable and homonyms decline relatively fast. Such behavior seems to be at odds with linguistic observations. A better agreement is obtained when probabilities increase faster than linearly with weights. Our results may suggest that a certain positive feedback, the so-called Metcalfe’s Law, possibly drives some linguistic processes. Evolution of synonyms and homonyms in our model can be approximately described using a certain nonlinear urn model. 相似文献
75.
Expressive memory effect has been proven in the course of the annealing of the β-modification of polypropylene (β-PP). The character of the structural changes taking place in β-PP during annealing strongly depends on the thermal history. In dependence on the thermal history βα or ββ-recrystallization takes place during thermal treatment. In case the annealing starts from the crystallization temperature β-PP is recrystallized into a more perfect structure with higher melting point - similarly to thermodynamically stable modifications. The samples cooled below a certain temperature before subjected to annealing transform partly or fully into the α-modification. The βα-recrystallization tendency prevalent on the effect of recooling can be reduced or eliminated with the aid of stepwise annealing with decreasing temperature steps. 相似文献
76.
Jzef Gorzelany Dorota Michaowska Stanisaw Pluta Ireneusz Kapusta Justyna Belcar 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(6)
Fruit of Saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.) are a good source of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, including anthocyanins, as well as vitamins, macro- and microelements and fibre. By treating Saskatoon fruits with gaseous ozone, and adding the material as an enhancer to barley beers, it is possible to impact the contents of bioactive compounds in the produced fruit beers. Sensory tests showed that beers made from barley with addition of Saskatoon fruit of the ‘Smoky’ cultivar were characterised by the most balanced taste and aroma. Physicochemical analyses of fruit beers, produced with Saskatoon fruit pulp added on the seventh day of fermentation, showed that the beers enhanced with ozone-treated and untreated ‘Smoky’ Saskatoon fruits had the highest contents of alcohol, 5.51% v/v and 5.66% v/v, respectively, as well as total polyphenol contents of 395 mg GAE/L and 401 mg GAE/L, respectively, and higher antioxidant activity (assessed using DPPH•, FRAP and ABTS+• assays). It was demonstrated that the ozonation process led to a decrease in the contents of neochlorogenic acid, on average by 91.00%, and of caffeic acid by 20.62%, relative to the beers enhanced with ‘Smoky’ Saskatoon fruits not subjected to ozone treatment. The present study shows that Saskatoon fruits can be used in the production of beer, and the Canadian cultivar ‘Smoky’ is recommended for this purpose. 相似文献
77.
78.
Emőke-Ágnes Horvát Ferenc Járai-Szabó Yves Brechet Zoltán Néda 《Central European Journal of Physics》2012,10(4):926-935
Fracture patterns resulting from point-like impact acting perpendicularly on the plane of a commercial sodalime glass plate is modelled by a spring-block system. The characteristic patterns consist of crack lines that are spreading radially from the impact point and concentric arcs intersecting these radial lines. Experimental results suggest that the number of radial crack lines is scaling linearly with the energy dissipated during the crack formation process. The elaborated spring-block model reproduces with success the observed fracture patterns and scaling law. 相似文献
79.
Ferenc Weisz 《Analysis Mathematica》2002,28(2):135-155
We investigate the Kronecker product of bounded Ciesielski systems, which can be obtained from the spline systems of order (m,k) in the same way as the Walsh system from the Haar system. It is shown that the maximal operator of the Fejér means of the d-dimensional Ciesielski-Fourier series is bounded from the Hardy space H
p([0,1)d
1 × ¨ × [0,1)d
l) to L
p([0,1)d) if 1/2 < p < ∞ and m
j ≥ 0, |k
j| ≤ m
j + 1. By an interpolation theorem, we get that the maximal operator is also of weak type (H
1
#i,L
1) (I=1,¨,l), where the Hardy space H
1
#i is defined by a hybrid maximal function and H
1
#i
L(logL)l-1. As a consequence, we obtain that the Fejér means of the Ciesielski-Fourier series of a function f converge to f a.e. if f H
1
#i
and converge in a cone if f ∈ L
1. 相似文献
80.