Understanding delamination in microelectronic devices using AES,XPS and chemometrics

The recent development of XPS instrumentation with near‐micron spatial resolution has advanced the capability of elemental and chemical‐state imaging accompanied by small‐area analysis (down to 15 µm). In this paper, the combined use of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) at enhanced spatial resolution is shown to have significantly improved the understanding of interfacial delamination and related problems encountered in the production of electronic devices in the field of microelectronics. An example of the application of surface analysis for ITO/Mo adhesion problems will be presented. The mathematical procedure using principal component analysis (PCA) in the reduction of noise in XPS images will also be described. The dramatic improvements in the image contrast and chemical component determination from multispectral image data sets will be presented. This study is intended to explore the contributions given by advanced surface analysis tools to solve real‐world problems. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱分析中导数光谱法研究——Ⅱ.数据平滑和扫描步长的影响

数据平滑和扫描步长是两个重要求导条件。本工作用五点三次多项式平滑技术对扫描数据进行平滑处理以消除随机噪音,但平滑次数增大会导致信号失真从而使导数光谱的分辨能力降低。扫描步长减小能提高导数光谱的分辨能力,但同时导致导数光谱灵敏度减小。导数光谱中干扰物等效浓度IEC的大小是上述因素的综合反映。本文以IEC为考察指标,讨论了平滑次数和扫描步长的优化。     

显色剂N-间甲苯基-N''''-(氨基对苯磺酸钠)硫脲光度法测定微量铂(Ⅳ)

研究了新试剂－Ｎ间甲苯基－Ｎ’－（氨基对苯磺酸钠）硫脲（ＭＭＰＴ）与铂（Ⅳ）的显色反应，结果表明，在 ｐＨ ３．７～４．４的 ＨＡｃ－ＮａＡｃ缓冲体系中，Ｐｔ（Ⅳ）与 ＭＭＰＴ形成 １：３的绿色水溶性络合物，最大吸收波长位于 ７５４．４ ｎｍ，表观摩尔吸光系数ε７５４．４＝８．５８ × １０４·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１，铂含量在０～１．２８ ｍｇ／Ｌ的范围内服从比尔定律。本法灵敏度高、选择性好、操作简便、测定结果准确可靠。将其用于矿石和催化剂中铂的测定，结果令人满意。     

烟道气体SO2同位素分子配分函数模拟计算

利用Gaussian03程序包,在B3P86/cc-PV5Z水平上对烟道气体SO₂同位素分子进行优化计算,得到平衡几何结构、谐振频率和转动常数等物理性质参数;采用乘积近似法构建两种分子的配分函数模型,其中,转动配分函数采用WATSON的刚性转子模型,振动配分函数采用谐振子近似.模拟计算两种分子70~6 000 K温度范围内的总配分函数,并将70~3 000 K的数据与数据库比较,发现两者符合的较好,且随着温度升高,相对偏差逐渐增大,但差值都小于4%;相对偏差与温度可以近似看成-条直线,通过对相对偏差进行线性拟合,进而修正高温区(3 000~6 000 K)的计算,用-个温度T的多项表达式对高温区修正了的配分函数进行拟合,获得五个拟合系数,可以快速地获得高温区任意温度的配分函数,从而给出在高温下较为准确的分子配分函数.     

Synthesis and liquid crystalline properties of T-shaped dimesogenic compounds

Two series of new dimesogenic liquid crystalline compounds were synthesized and their LC and other thermal properties were characterized. These compounds consist of two mesogenic units connected through polymethylene spacer of varying length in the shape of the letter ‘T’. The difference between the two series is in the structure of tail groups attached on the pendant azobenzene mesogens; one of which is n-butyl and the other is phenyl. The compounds were characterized for their liquid crystallinity by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffractometry and visual observation of the melts on a hot-stage attached to a polarizing microscope. All these compounds were found to form only the nematic phase enantiotropically.     

Synthesis of Novel Benzotriazoloazepine Derivatives

Eight new benzotriazoloazepine derivatives have been synthesized starting from 7‐methoxy‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐2‐benzo[c]azepin‐1‐one. The compounds 2a–c have been synthesized by the reaction of 7‐methoxy‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐2‐benzo[c]azepin‐1‐thione with various hydrazides. Reaction of 5 with hydrazine hydrate, followed by treatment of the resultant hydrazone with formic acid, gave corresponding 9‐alkoxy‐6,7‐dihydro‐5H‐benzo[c][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]azepine(6 a , b ). Cyclization of 5 with methyl carbazate gave 9‐alkoxy‐6,7‐dihydro‐2H‐benzo[c][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]azepin‐3(5H)‐one (7 a–c ). The structures of the compounds were confirmed by their elemental analysis and spectral data. Their anticonvulsant activities have been initially screened.     

新试剂N-壬基-N′-(氨基对苯磺酸钠)硫脲(NPT)与Cu~(2 )显色反应的研究和应用

通过对新合成的显色剂N—壬基—N′—(氨基对苯磺酸钠)琉脲与Cu~(2 )显色反应的研究,确定了光度法测定铜,在pH 6.2～7.0的KH_2PO_4-Na_2B_4O_7缓冲溶液中,Cu~(2 )与NPT形成1:3的水溶性配合物,最大吸收波长为343.2nm,表观摩尔吸光系数ε_(343.2)=4.87×10~4L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)。Cu~(2 )含量在2～55μg/25ml范围内符合比耳定律,相关系数0.9999。方法灵敏度较高、选择性好,操作简便,稳定性好,已成功地运用于矿石及生物样品中铜的测定。     

Effects of Different Extraction Methods on the Gelatinization and Retrogradation Properties of Highland Barley Starch

The purpose of this study was to compare the gelatinization and retrogradation properties of highland barley starch (HBS) using different extraction methods. We obtained HBS by three methods, including alkali extraction (A-HBS), ultrasound extraction (U-HBS) and enzyme extraction (E-HBS). An investigation was carried out using a rapid viscosity analyzer (RVA), texture profile analysis (TPA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). It is shown that the different extraction methods did not change the crystalline type of HBS. E-HBS had the lowest damaged starch content and highest relative crystallinity value (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, A-HBS had the highest peak viscosity, indicating the best water absorption (p < 0.05). Moreover, E-HBS had not only higher G′ and G″ values, but also the highest gel hardness value, reflecting its strong gel structure (p < 0.05). These results confirmed that E-HBS provided better pasting stability and rheological properties, while U-HBS provides benefits of reducing starch retrogradation.     

Recent Progress in Identifying Bacteria with Fluorescent Probes

The development of new techniques to rapidly and accurately detect bacteria has drawn continuous attention due to the potential threats posed by bacteria to human health and safety. Recently, a novel strategy based on fluorescent probes has drawn considerable interest for the detection of bacteria due to its high selectivity, fast response, and simple operation. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on fluorescent probes for the specific recognition and discrimination of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. In particular, we outline current design strategies, such as targeting of the differences in surface components, cell wall components, endogenous enzymes, surface charge, and hydrophobicity of various kinds of bacteria to develop various fluorescent sensors (organic small-molecule fluorescent probes, nanoprobes, and metal ion probes). We also emphasize the application of organic molecules in probe recognition elements. We hope that this review can stimulate this research area in bacterial detection and imaging in the future.