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Haque SA Palomares E Cho BM Green AN Hirata N Klug DR Durrant JR 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2005,127(10):3456-3462
In this paper we focus upon the electron injection dynamics in complete dye-sensitized nanocrystalline metal oxide solar cells (DSSCs). Electron injection dynamics are studied by transient absorption and emission studies of DSSCs and correlated with device photovoltaic performance and charge recombination dynamics. We find that the electron injection dynamics are dependent upon the composition of the redox electrolyte employed in the device. In a device with an electrolyte composition yielding optimum photovoltaic device efficiency, electron injection kinetics exhibit a half time of 150 ps. This half time is 20 times slower than that for control dye-sensitized films covered in inert organic liquids. This retardation is shown to result from the influence of the electrolyte upon the conduction band energetics of the TiO2 electrode. We conclude that optimum DSSC device performance is obtained when the charge separation kinetics are just fast enough to compete successfully with the dye excited-state decay. These conditions allow a high injection yield while minimizing interfacial charge recombination losses, thereby minimizing "kinetic redundancy" in the device. We show furthermore that the nonexponential nature of the injection dynamics can be simulated by a simple inhomogeneous disorder model and discuss the relevance of our findings to the optimization of both dye-sensitized and polymer based photovoltaic devices. 相似文献
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Temperature gradient interaction chromatography (TGIC) is applied to the characterization of polyisoprene (PI) and polystyrene (PS) using normal-phase (NP) stationary phase--bare silica or diol bonded silica. Tetrahydrofuran-isooctane mixtures are used as a mobile phase. PI and linear and star shaped PS samples are successfully fractionated in terms of the molecular mass with a high resolution comparable to that of reversed-phase (RP) HPLC. Temperature dependence of the retention shows that the enthalpy of adsorption of PS to the stationary phase is exothermic. In addition, some characteristic features of the NP-TGIC system relative to those of RP-TGIC are presented, which include a high sensitivity on the polar end group and the simultaneous size-exclusion chromatographic and TGIC characterization of PS and PI mixtures. 相似文献
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Kang EJ Cho EJ Ji MK Lee YE Shin DM Choi SY Chung YK Kim JS Kim HJ Lee SG Lah MS Lee E 《The Journal of organic chemistry》2005,70(16):6321-6329
(+)-SCH 351448 (Na+ salt A) was synthesized employing ring-closing olefin metathesis reaction of an open diene diester intermediate for construction of the 28-membered macrodiolide structure. The open diene diester was prepared from the monomeric hydroxy carboxylic acid and two different olefin fragments. The monomeric hydroxy acid was synthesized via Julia-Julia coupling reaction of intermediates derived from the same olefinic fragments. Oxane units in these fragments were prepared by radical cyclization reactions of beta-alkoxyacrylates. Analogous SCH 351448 salts incorporating other mono- and divalent cations may be prepared. Under acidic conditions, SCH 351448 (Na+ salt A) was the most stable complex, but SCH 351448 (Ca2+ salt) and (Na+ salt B) appear to be physiologically important species. 相似文献
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Competitive binding of a Tris run buffer with chiral crown ether in chiral capillary electrophoresis
In capillary electrophoresis of primary amine racemates using (+)-(18-crown-6)-tetracarboxylic acid (18C6H4) as a chiral selector, chiral recognition emanates from the differences in the complex formation between 18C6H4 and the two protonated amine enantiomers. The presence of buffer constituents such as tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) or Na+, capable of forming complexes with 18C6H4, is thus detrimental to the chiral separation of primary amines. Such a competitive binding of buffer constituents was studied by comparing the electrophoretic mobilities of racemic analytes obtained in Tris/citric acid and triethylamine/citric acid buffers. We developed a simple fitting method to determine the competitive binding constant and applied it to the Tris buffer system. The competitive binding constant of Tris with 18C6H4 obtained at pH 3.0 was 27 +/- 4. 相似文献
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Turner syndrome is one of the most common cytogenetic abnormalities. It is known that the Y chromosome or Y derived material is present in 6-9% of TS patient and it may develop a high risk of gonadoblastoma in 15-25%. So it is crucial to carry out cyto genetic analysis and Y-specific probe studies for all persons with gonadal dysgenesis to rule out mosaicism with Y-bearing cell line; eg 45,X/46,XY. In this study, 26 archival slides previously analyzed cytogenetically as 45,X, 45,X/46,X,i(X), 45,X/46,X,r(X), and 45,X/46,XX were examined. Coamplification PCR, having the advantage of providing rapid result and confirming PCR failure, was performed with the slide samples in the regions of dystrophin gene in Xp21and DYZ3 in the Y centromeric region. All of archived slides were positive for X-specific gene and one slide of 45,X was found to have the cryptic Y chromosome material. Our result suggests that the archived cytogenetic slides could be applied for the detection of Y chromosome rapidly and efficiently in TS patients. 相似文献