空域移相偏振点衍射波前检测技术

点衍射干涉仪结构简单、共光路、测量精度高, 空域移相干涉仪抗振性能优越, 两者在波前检测领域获得了广泛的应用. 本文采用激光打孔技术, 通过在金属纳米线栅偏振片上制备小孔, 制作了偏振点衍射板; 结合分光结构的空域移相技术, 搭建了空域移相偏振点衍射干涉仪, 并对一焦距为550 mm, F_#10的平行光管准直物镜透射波前进行测量, 与法国Phasics公司生产的商业化波前传感器SID4的测量结果相比较, 两者峰谷值相差0.09λ, 均方根值相差0.012λ ; 利用35项Zernike多项式拟合两者的测量结果, 将拟合得到的系数在同一坐标轴下绘制成两条曲线, 两者基本重合, 从而验证了所搭建的空域移相偏振点衍射波前检测装置的测试精度. 从而在传统点衍射干涉仪的基础上引入了空域移相技术, 实现了波前的高分辨率、高精度、实时检测, 并且提高了对振动、气流等环境因素的抗干扰能力.     

Regularized Newton Methods for Convex Minimization Problems with Singular Solutions

This paper studies convergence properties of regularized Newton methods for minimizing a convex function whose Hessian matrix may be singular everywhere. We show that if the objective function is LC², then the methods possess local quadratic convergence under a local error bound condition without the requirement of isolated nonsingular solutions. By using a backtracking line search, we globalize an inexact regularized Newton method. We show that the unit stepsize is accepted eventually. Limited numerical experiments are presented, which show the practical advantage of the method.     

用强化构造强化沸腾传热的实验及可视化研究

重点研究的是水和乙醇在放置了强化元件的光滑铜表面上的池核沸腾传热性能。该强化元件对部分加热表面上方的空间进行限制,使液体存在的空间就被分为交替存在的受限空间和自由空间。本研究中所探讨的主要参数是热通量(13～400 kW/m~2)和受限空间尺度(0.2 mm,0.5 mm,无限制结构)。实验结果表明,对水和乙醇而言,这样的强化元件都可获得良好的沸腾传热特性.可视化结果表明,几乎所有有效核化区域都在受限空间内,即使在高过热度下自由空间内也很少出现有效核化点。     

Fluorimetric determination of nitrogen oxides in the air by a novel red-region fluorescent reagent

A sensitive fluorimetric method for the determination of nitrogen oxides (NO(x): NO+NO(2)) in air is described. Nitrogen dioxide (nitrogen monoxide was previously converted to nitrogen dioxide in oxide tubes) was aspirated through a fritted glass bubble at a flow rate of 500 ml min(-1) for 120 min and fixed as nitrite, using 0.1 N NaOH as a trapping solution with the empirical absorption efficiency 0.74 and the stoichiometric factor 0.5. The method is based on the fluorescence quenching of a red-region fluorescent reagent, tetra-substituted amino aluminum phthalocyanine (TAAlPc), after being diazotized by nitrite. Under optimal conditions the linear range of the calibration curve for nitrite is 1-40 ng ml(-1) (NO(2) 0.24-9.6 ppb, v/v). The detection limit is 0.34 ng ml(-1) for nitrite (NO(2) 0.08 ppb, v/v) and the relative standard deviation for six replicate measurements of 15 ng ml(-1) nitrite is 3.2%. The method has been applied to the determination of nitrogen oxides in the air with satisfactory results. Typical gaseous co-pollutants such as SO(2), H(2)S and HCHO did not interference the determination.     

淀粉衍生物固定相对马拉硫磷和氟虫腈对映体的手性拆分

淀粉衍生物固定相对马拉硫磷和氟虫腈对映体的手性拆分;马拉硫磷;氟虫腈;手性拆分;直链淀粉-三（（S）-苯基乙基氨基甲酸酯）     

一步法合成双亲的Ag，Cu，Cd和Ni纳米金属单质

本文报道利用简单的溶剂热方法，以相应的金属盐作为唯一的反应物来制备Ag，Cu，Cd，Ni等纳米结构金属。采用XRD，SEM，TEM等测试手段对产物进行了表征。实验结果表明，反应条件特别是反应时间对产物最后的化学组成起重要作用。该制备方法具有一定的普适性，而且简单实用；涉及的反应条件相对温和，获得的产物具有双亲性质，能均匀分散于大部分极性和非极性溶剂中。     

热补偿恒温控制条件下铂电极BZ反应体系中的电化学时间自组织——从极限环型电化学振荡到环面跳跃型非连续电化学振荡

在实验室的热补偿恒温控制条件下, 理论预测的等温恒电流(电压)电化学振荡实际上将发生变异. 用慢流型上准定态的线性化稳定性分析法全面分析了此类恒温控制条件下铂电极BZ反应系在以温度为慢变参数的慢流型上的准稳定性及绕温度轴慢变轨迹的动力学行为. 发现在温度围绕控制值上下往复波动的每一个周期内, 准定态点将穿梭跨越于振荡区与非振荡区之间, 表现为间隙性的沿温度轴的环面型电化学振荡. 计算机模拟结果证实了上述理论分析.     

微波照射制备钛酸钡纳米晶

Cubic barium titanate nanocrystals were prepared by Ti(OC₄H₉)₄ and C₂H₅OH mixture with BaCl₂ aqueous solution under normal atmosphere microwave irradiation. Experiment results showed that when n_Ba / n_Ti=1.1, φ_EtOH=25%,highly dispersed barium titanate with particle size about 30 nm were completely formed by microwave irradiation only for 0.5 h. Microwave irradiation time had almost no effects on particle size and morphology of the product. Particle sizes were decreased with the increased EtOH amount, when φ_EtOH=50%, microwave irradiation 2 h, barium titanate nanocrystals with average size only about 22 nm were obtained.     

回流水热合成均分散纳米α-Fe2O3单晶粒子

系统地研究了以Fe(NO₃)₃为原料，回流水热合成均分散α-Fe₂O₃纳米粒子。实验结果显示:当pH=1时，随着水热时间的增加，由透射电镜测试可知，多孔性纺锤形α-Fe₂O₃单晶转变成粒径在45 nm左右的均分散菱形单晶;而Fe(NO₃)₃用氨水中和形成Fe(OH)₃凝胶后，随着初始pH值的增加，完全转变成α-Fe₂O₃所需的时间增加、粒径减小，但产物的结构更为完整。另外通过实验发现，反应体系中存在的电解质对α-Fe₂O₃晶体的生成有促进作用。同时对初始pH值及电解质对α-Fe₂O₃生成速率的影响机理进行了分析。     

二酰胺吡啶修饰杯[4]芳烃与脂肪二羧酸主客体相互作用的理论研究

本文用分子力学和分子动力学方法对二酰胺吡啶修饰杯[4]芳烃与脂肪二羧酸的主客体相互作用进行了研究.