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961.
962.
IntroductionTheincreasingnecessity0fpharmacologicalresearchforchiraldrugshasrenderedchiralseparationanactiveareaincaPillaryelectroph0resis(CE)today.Variousmodes0fCE,includingcaPillaryzoneelectroph0resis(CZE),micellarelectrokineticchromatography(MEKC),caPillarygelelectrophoresis(CGE)andcapillaryisotachophoresis(CITP),havebeenappliedforthispurp0se',amongwhichCZEisthemostpopularoneforitshighefficiency,lowexpenseandeaseofoperation.Forsuccessfulchiralseparati0ninCZE,theselectortypeisofcr… 相似文献
963.
964.
Dong Han Kim 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》1981,18(4):855-856
The treatment of N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)anthranilic acids with cyanogen bromide in the presence of triethylamine gave dibenz[b,e][1,4]oxazepin-11-(5H)ones in good yields. 相似文献
965.
966.
The implementation of clean energy techniques, including clean hydrogen generation, use of solar-driven photovoltaic hybrid systems, photochemical heat generation as well as thermoelectric conversion, is crucial for the sustainable development of our society. Among these promising techniques, electrocatalysis has received significant attention for its ability to facilitate clean energy conversion because it promotes a higher rate of reaction and efficiency for the associated chemical transformations. Noble-metal-based electrocatalysts typically show high activity for electrochemical conversion processes. However, their scarcity and high cost limit their applications in electrocatalytic devices. To overcome this limitation, binary catalysts prepared by alloying with transition metals can be used. However, optimization of the activity of the binary catalysts is considerably limited because of the presence of the miscibility gap in the phase diagram of binary alloys. The activity of binary electrocatalysts can be attributed to the adsorption energy of molecules and intermediates on the surface. High-entropy alloys (HEAs), which consist of diverse elements in a single NP, typically exhibit better physical and/or chemical properties than their single-element counterparts, because of their tunable composition and inherent surface complexity. Further, HEAs can improve the performance of binary electrocatalysts because they exhibit a near-continuous distribution of adsorption energy. Recently, HEAs have gained considerable attention for their application in electrocatalytic reactions. This review summarizes recent research advances in HEA nanostructures and their application in the field of electrocatalysis. First, we introduce the concept, structure, and four core effects of HEAs. We believe that this part will provide the basic information about HEAs. Next, we discuss the reported top-down and bottom-up synthesis strategies, emphasizing on the carbothermal shock method, nanodroplet-mediated electrodeposition, fast moving bed pyrolysis, polyol process, and dealloying. Other methods such as combinatorial co-sputtering, ultrashort-pulsed laser ablation, ultrasonication-assisted wet chemistry, and scanning-probe block copolymer lithography are also highlighted. Among these methods, wet chemistry has been reported to be effective for the formation of nano-scale HEAs because it facilitates the concurrent reduction of all metal precursors to form solid-solution alloys. Next, we present the theoretical investigation of HEA nanocatalysts, including their thermodynamics, kinetic stability, and adsorption energy tuning for optimizing their catalytic activity and selectivity. To elucidate the structure–property relationship in HEAs, we summarize the research progress related to electrocatalytic reactions promoted by HEA nanocatalysts, including the oxygen reduction reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, methanol oxidation reaction, and CO2 reduction reaction. Finally, we discuss the challenges and various strategies toward the development of HEAs. 相似文献
967.
F.?HuEmail author W.?Fa J.?Dong 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2005,46(3):331-334
The quantum conductance oscillations (QCOs) of the intramolecular junction
(IMJ) composed of two single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been studied
by using a π-orbital only tight-binding (TB) model and a Green’s
function technique. It is found that in the IMJs in addition to the rapid
QCO frequencies corresponding to the constituent tubes there exist also
their sum frequencies. The slow QCO frequencies of the IMJ will be different
from those of its corresponding two perfect tubes if they have different
chiral angles. 相似文献
968.
Linfeng?YangEmail author Jiangwei?Chen Huatong?Yang Jinming?Dong 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2005,43(3):399-403
We have calculated the quantum conductance of single-walled
carbon nanotube (SWNT) waveguide by using a tight binding-based
Greens function approach. Our calculations show that the slow
conductance oscillations as well as the fast conductance
oscillations are manifestations of the intrinsic quantum
interference properties of the conducting SWNTs, being independent
of the defect and disorder of the SWNTs. And zigzag type tubes do
not show the slow oscillations. The SWNT electron waveguide is
also found to have distinctly different transport behavior
depending on whether or not the length of the tube is commensurate
with a (3N+1) rule, with N the number of basic carbon repeat
units along the nanotube length. 相似文献
969.
We study a zero range process on scale-free networks in order to investigate how network structure influences particle dynamics. The zero range process is defined with the rate p(n) = n(delta) at which particles hop out of nodes with n particles. We show analytically that a complete condensation occurs when delta < or = delta(c) triple bond 1/(gamma-1) where gamma is the degree distribution exponent of the underlying networks. In the complete condensation, those nodes whose degree is higher than a threshold are occupied by macroscopic numbers of particles, while the other nodes are occupied by negligible numbers of particles. We also show numerically that the relaxation time follows a power-law scaling tau approximately L(z) with the network size L and a dynamic exponent z in the condensed phase. 相似文献
970.
Tian CS Qian D Wu D He RH Wu YZ Tang WX Yin LF Shi YS Dong GS Jin XF Jiang XM Liu FQ Qian HJ Sun K Wang LM Rossi G Qiu ZQ Shi J 《Physical review letters》2005,94(13):137210
The body-centered-cubic (bcc) phase of Ni, which does not exist in nature, has been achieved as a thin film on GaAs(001) at 170 K via molecular beam epitaxy. The bcc Ni is ferromagnetic with a Curie temperature of 456 K and possesses a magnetic moment of 0.52+/-0.08 micro(B)/atom. The cubic magnetocrystalline anisotropy of bcc Ni is determined to be +4.0x10(5) ergs x cm(-3), as opposed to -5.7x10(4) ergs x cm(-3) for the naturally occurring face-centered-cubic (fcc) Ni. This sharp contrast in the magnetic anisotropy is attributed to the different electronic band structures between bcc Ni and fcc Ni, which are determined using angle-resolved photoemission with synchrotron radiation. 相似文献