KBA显微镜成像系统的成像模拟及X光成像实验的研究

KBA显微镜是一种非轴对称、非共轴的掠入射成像系统。其结构复杂,调节精度要求很高,在实际成像实验操作中难以掌握其成像特性。利用光学设计软件模拟其成像,对系统的调节和成像分析提供有益的参考。利用光学设计软件ZEMAX模拟了KBA显微镜对点源的成像过程,给出了KBA显微镜成像系统的焦深约为1 mm,景深为50 mm左右。并且由模拟可知,掠入射角对成像的影响很大。对像素尺寸约10μm的探测设备,模拟得出KBA成像系统的空间分辨力上限为3μm左右。基于星光Ⅱ装置对周期为20μm的网格靶成像,获得了KBA显微镜较为清晰的X光图像。该项工作为进一步开展掠入射成像系统的研究奠定了基础。     

Electrochemically driven organic monolayer formation on silicon surfaces using alkylammonium and alkylphosphonium reagents

The functionalization of silicon surfaces with organic monolayers, bound through Si–C bonds, is an area of wide interest due to the technological promise of organosilicon hybrid devices, but also to investigate fundamental surface reactivity. In this paper, the use of alkylammonium and alkylphosphonium cations as sources of organic moieties to bind to hydrogen-terminated flat and porous silicon is demonstrated. Tetraalkylammonium, tetraalkyl/arylphosphonium reagents, and alkyl pyridinium salts can be utilized, but trialkylammonium salts cannot as they yield substantial surface oxidation. Under electrochemical conditions, either potentiostatic or galvanostatic modes, alkyl groups derived from the ammonium or phosphonium salts are grafted to the silicon surface and are bound through Si–C bonds. Covalent attachment of the organic monolayers to the surface was demonstrated by XPS, AFM scribing, and FTIR. The mechanism may proceed via reduction of the ammonium salt yielding alkyl radicals, R, which may be reduced to R⁻ and attack surface Si–Si bonds, leading to Si–C bonds, or the formation of silyl anions (≡Si⁻) under the cathodic conditions followed by nucleophilic attack on the trialkylammonium cation.     

A high sensitivity spectrometer with tunable diode laser for ambient methane monitoring

Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) has been widely employed in atmospheric trace gases detection. In the measurement of these trace gases, harmonic detection combined with a multi-pass white cell could remarkably enhance the detection sensitivity. In this paper, a portable TDLAS system built specifically for long time monitoring methane in the atmosphere is introduced. The detection limit is below 100 ppb that is enough for the monitoring of ambient methane, and the long time monitoring results obtained in Beijing are given, which is well coincident with that of the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.     

Multiparty-controlled quantum secure direct communication

A theoretical scheme of a multiparty-controlled quantum secure direct communication is proposed. The supervisor prepares a communication network with Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs and auxiliary particles. After passing a security test of the communication network, a supervisor tells the users the network is secure and they can communicate. If the controllers allow the communicators to communicate, the controllers should perform measurements and inform the communicators of the outcomes. The communicators then begin to communicate after they perform a security test of the quantum channel and verify that it is secure. The recipient can decrypt the secret message in a classical message from the sender depending on the protocol. Any two users in the network can communicate through the above processes under the control of the supervisor and the controllers. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

奇相干光源的测量设备无关量子密钥分配研究

刻画了奇相干光源的光子数分布特征,研究了奇相干光源下诱骗态测量设备无关量子密钥分配系统的密钥生成率与安全传输距离的关系,推导了奇相干光源下的计数率下界和误码率上界.仿真结果表明,奇相干光源光子数分布中多光子脉冲的比例低于弱相干光,可以有效提高诱骗态测量设备无关密钥分配系统的最大安全通信距离,为实用的量子密钥分配实验提供了重要的理论参数.     

Electron-mediated ferromagnetism in Fe-doped InP: Theory and experiment

We report on the electron-mediated ferromagnetism in Fe-doped InP from both first-principles calculations and experiments. Theoretically, based on the spin-polarized density functional theory within the Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof (HSE03) approach, we systematically investigate the magnetic properties of Fe-doped InP and predict the existence of electron-mediated ferromagnetism. Experimentally, by diffusing Fe into the n-type InP wafer with thermal annealing at 800 C, we observe room-temperature ferromagnetism in InP:Fe, which is in agreement with the theoretical prediction.     

ICP-MS法测定不同采收时间宽叶荨麻中微量元素含量

采用微波消解,ICP-MS法分析不同采收时间宽叶荨麻中18种微量元素Al,Ba,Ca,Co,Cr,Cu,Fe,K,Li,Mg,Mn,Mo,Na,Ni,P,Pb,S和Zn的含量。该方法的相对标准偏差在1.2%～5.3%之间,加标回收率在95.4%～101.2%之间。结果表明宽叶荨麻中K,P,S,Ca,Na含量较高;Fe,Mg,Mn,Zn含量次之;有潜在生理毒性的元素Al,Cr,Pb的含量较低,并且在宽叶荨麻中微量元素呈现明显的季节性动态变化,此结果为进一步研究宽叶荨麻药理药效与微量元素的关系以及更好的开发这一资源提供理论数据。     

基于分时原理的多相流体比例分配方法

提出了从“时间”上对多相流进行分配的新思路,分析了分时分配的基本原理,并设计了具体的实现方式。在空气-水实验回路上对分时分配装置进行了实验研究和验证。分时分配的基本原理就是通过“分时”的方法,使整个分配器“空间”内的多相流都能按照给定的时间份额周期性地交替流向对应的支路,从而保证各支路内的多相流具有高度一致的相含量和确定的流量比例。实验研究证明,分时分配法具有切实的可行性,分流比等于分时比且与流量和流体的物性无关,仅取决于分配器的几何参数。     

A 168-W high-power single-frequency amplifier in an all-fiber configuration

We present a high-power,single-frequency,narrow linewidth fiber amplifier based on master oscillator power amplification chains in an all-fiber configuration.The effect of the delivery fiber on the maximum output power is studied.A home-made 1064-nm seed laser with a 20-kHz linewidth is boosted to 129 W,and limited by stimulated Brillouin scattering(SBS) when the delivery fiber is 1.2 m long.By shortening the delivery fiber length to 0.7 m,the SBS threshold is increased efficiently and the maximum output power rises to 168 W with an 82.9% power conversion efficiency.The experimental results indicate that the output power can be further raised by shortening the delivery fiber length and increasing the pump power.