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141.
We consider the counterpropagating interaction of a signal and a pump beam in a spun fiber and in a randomly birefringent fiber, the latter being relevant to optical telecommunication systems. On the basis of a geometrical analysis of the Hamiltonian singularities of the system, we provide a complete understanding of the phenomenon of polarization attraction in these two systems, which allows to achieve a control of the polarization state of the signal beam by adjusting the polarization of the pump. In spun fibers, all polarization states of the signal beam are attracted toward a specific line of polarization states on the Poincaré sphere, whose characteristics are determined by the polarization state of the injected backward pump. In randomly birefringent telecommunication fibers, we show that an unpolarized signal beam can be repolarized into any particular polarization state, without loss of energy. 相似文献
142.
143.
We establish a dichotomy theorem characterizing the circumstances under which a treeable Borel equivalence relation E is essentially countable. Under additional topological assumptions on the treeing, we in fact show that E is essentially countable if and only if there is no continuous embedding of E1 into E. Our techniques also yield the first classical proof of the analogous result for hypersmooth equivalence relations, and allow us to show that up to continuous Kakutani embeddability, there is a minimum Borel function which is not essentially countable-to-one. 相似文献
144.
Dominique Bourn 《Applied Categorical Structures》2014,22(5-6):833-856
We investigate what is the common part of the action accessible and the fibrewise algebraically cartesian closed (facc) categories dealing with the existence of centralizers of equivalence relations. Doing this, we shall introduce some new aspects of the Beck-Chevalley commutation with respect to the fibration of points \(\P _{\mathbb C}\) and shall characterize the existence of those centralizers by a specific property of this same fibration. 相似文献
145.
146.
Saleha Bakhta Michel Guerro Frédéric Barrière Dominique Lorcy 《Tetrahedron letters》2010,51(34):4497-3433
The synthesis and the ability of TTF-hydrazone to act as a versatile precursor for the design of electroactive ligands are reported together with the chelating ability of these ligands through their M(CO)4 complexes, (M = Mo, W). 相似文献
147.
148.
Dominique Duval 《Logica Universalis》2013,7(3):275-289
Deduction systems and graph transformation systems are compared within a common categorical framework. This comparison results in a proposal for a new deduction method in diagrammatic logics, allowing the deletion of intermediate lemmas. 相似文献
149.
In this paper we obtain an intrinsic syntactical characterization of protomodularity, via so-called categorical difference terms, similar to the one known in the case of varieties involving binary terms d satisfying d(x, x) = d(y, y). We also show that purely categorical modifications of the condition in the characterization give characterizations of Mal’tsev
and additive categories, thus revealing a new conceptual link between these three classes of categories, and hence, also between
the corresponding classes of varieties. 相似文献
150.
Nelly Gourlaouën Dominique Florentin Andrée Marquet 《Journal of carbohydrate chemistry》2013,32(8):1219-1238
Abstract The synthesis of 5-O-[5-(pentanoic acid)]-phosphono-L-erythro-pent-2-ulose 2 was successfully achieved by coupling benzyl 5-hydroxypentanoate 9b and 1-O-benzyl-L-erythro-pent-2-ulose ethane- 1,2-diyl dithioacetal 13 with the enediol pyrophosphate 18. Compound 2 was coupled to carrier proteins, porcine thyroglobuline and bovine serum albumin and the conjugates were treated with KCN to give conjugates of the hapten 1, designed to raise catalytic antibodies. 相似文献