Enzyme mediated kinetic resolution of δ-hydroxy-α,β-unsaturated esters as a route to optically active δ-lactones

A novel synthetic route to optically active saturated and unsaturated δ-lactones based on enzymatic kinetic resolution and ring-closing metathesis reactions has been proposed. The influence of temperature, co-solvent, organic additives and the substrate structure on the catalytic behavior of selected hydrolases was studied. The substantial impact of the organic co-solvent and surfactant type on the enzymatic activity and enantioselectivity was observed providing enantiomerically pure δ-hydroxy-α,β-unsaturated esters. The established protocol combining enzymatic kinetic resolution with ring closing metathesis was successfully applied in the synthesis of the enantiomerically pure (6R)-phenyl-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one which plays crucial role in the synthesis of the number of bioactive compounds.     

On Topological Properties of Min-Max Functions

We examine the topological structure of the upper-level set M ^max given by a min-max function φ. It is motivated by recent progress in Generalized Semi-Infinite Programming (GSIP). Generically, M ^max is proven to be the topological closure of the GSIP feasible set (see Guerra-Vázquez et al. 2009; Günzel et al., Cent Eur J Oper Res 15(3):271–280, 2007). We formulate two assumptions (Compactness Condition CC and Sym-MFCQ) which imply that M ^max is a Lipschitz manifold (with boundary). The Compactness Condition is shown to be stable under C ⁰-perturbations of the defining functions of φ. Sym-MFCQ can be seen as a constraint qualification in terms of Clarke’s subdifferential of the min-max function φ. Moreover, Sym-MFCQ is proven to be generic and stable under C ¹-perturbations of the defining functions which fulfill the Compactness Condition. Finally we apply our results to GSIP and conclude that generically the closure of the GSIP feasible set is a Lipschitz manifold (with boundary).     

Synthesis of a highly enantiomerically enriched silyllithium compound

The highly enantiomerically enriched silyllithium compound lithiomethylphenyl(1-piperidinylmethyl)silane (4) reacts stereospecifically with chlorosilanes, but over a period of several hours slow racemization in solution at room temperature occurs, which can be suppressed by a transmetalation reaction with MgBr2(thf)4.     

On a general principle in geometry that leads to functional equations

Summary Suppose that an invariant (or an invariant notion) of some geometry is given, like the distance between two points, the cross ratio of four points, the tangential distance between two spheres (or like the notion of orthogonality, of order, of a circle). One may ask what are the functions preserving (or preserving partially) that invariant (invariant notion). Originating from this principle some functional equation problems are formulated, namely the functional equations of distance, of area, of angle preservance.Dedicated to the memory of Alexander M. Ostrowski on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of his birth.     

Femtosecond holography in lithium niobate crystals

Spatial gratings are recorded holographically by two femtosecond pump pulses at 388 nm in lithium niobate (LiNbO3) crystals and read out by a Bragg-matched, temporally delayed probe pulse at 776 nm. We claim, to our knowledge, the first holographic pump-probe experiments with subpicosecond temporal resolution for LiNbO3. An instantaneous grating that is due mostly to the Kerr effect as well as a long-lasting grating that results mainly from the absorption caused by photoexcited carriers was observed. The Kerr coefficient of LiNbO3 for our experimental conditions, i.e., pumped and probed at different wavelengths, was approximately 1.0 x 10(-5) cm2/GW.     

Folding and unfolding of an elastinlike oligopeptide: "inverse temperature transition," reentrance, and hydrogen-bond dynamics

The temperature-dependent behavior of a solvated oligopeptide, GVG(VPGVG), is investigated. Spectroscopic measurements, thermodynamic measurements, and molecular dynamics simulations find that this elastinlike octapeptide behaves as a two-state system that undergoes an "inverse temperature" folding transition and reentrant unfolding close to the boiling point of water. A molecular picture of these processes is presented, emphasizing changes in the dynamics of hydrogen bonding at the protein/water interface and peptide backbone librational entropy.