Local Morphisms and Modules with a Semilocal Endomorphism Ring

We study local morphisms in the setting of general noncommutative rings. In particular, we apply local morphisms to study endomorphism rings of modules. We use our constructions to determine classes of modules with semilocal endomorphism rings. For instance, we prove that every finitely presented right module over a semilocal ring has a semilocal endomorphism ring.Alberto Facchini was partially supported by Gruppo Nazionale Strutture Algebriche e Geometriche e loro Applicazioni of Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica, Italy, and by Università di Padova (Progetto di Ateneo CDPA048343 “Decomposition and tilting theory in modules, derived and cluster categories”).Dolors Herbera was partially supported by the DGI and the European Regional Development Fund, jointly, through Project BFM2002-01390, and by the Comissionat per Universitats i Recerca of the Generalitat de Catalunya.     

Partnership formation and binomial semivalues

Partnership formation in cooperative games is studied, and binomial semivalues are used to measure the effects of such a type of coalition arising from an agreement between (a group of) players. The joint effect on the set of involved players is also compared with that of the alternative alliance formation. The simple game case is especially considered, and the application to a real life example illustrates the use of coalitional values closely related to the binomial semivalues when dealing with partnership formation and coalitional bargaining simultaneously.     

Cotorsion pairs generated by modules of bounded projective dimension

We apply the theory of cotorsion pairs to study closure properties of classes of modules with finite projective dimension with respect to direct limit operations and to filtrations. We also prove that if the ring is an order in an ℵ₀-noetherian ring Q of little finitistic dimension 0, then the cotorsion pair generated by the modules of projective dimension at most one is of finite type if and only if Q has big finitistic dimension 0. This applies, for example, to semiprime Goldie rings and to Cohen Macaulay noetherian commutative rings.     

Design, synthesis and biological activity of a targeted library of potential tryptase inhibitors

We have designed, synthesized, and tested two small collections of potential tryptase inhibitors. The first library consists of diversely N-substituted 3-aminopiperidin-2-ones 6, and the second (compounds 7) was prepared by dimerising compounds 6 through the 3-amino function using diverse carbon chains. We have established efficient routes for obtaining 6 both in solution and on solid supports. We have also compared the dimerisation on-resin and in solution. Four of the compounds showed a high degree of tryptase inhibition at 1 microM, but none surpassed the tryptase inhibition activity of BABIM.     

A nonacid degradable linker for solid-phase synthesis

Synthesis and applications of two new nonacid degradable linkers as an alternative to the Wang linker for solid-phase synthesis are described. Resin from linker 2 looks superior to linker 1 in terms of yields for both anchoring of the first building block and cleavage and in terms of higher purity of the final product. Use of linker 2 avoids side reactions associated with the use of Wang resin due to an undesired cleavage during final acid treatment.     

Rational nanoconjugation improves biocatalytic performance of enzymes: aldol addition catalyzed by immobilized rhamnulose-1-phosphate aldolase

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are attractive materials for the immobilization of enzymes due to several advantages such as high enzyme loading, absence of internal diffusion limitations, and Brownian motion in solution, compared to the conventional immobilization onto porous macroscopic supports. The affinity of AuNPs to different groups present at the protein surface enables direct enzyme binding to the nanoparticle without the need of any coupling agent. Enzyme activity and stability appear to be improved when the biocatalyst is immobilized onto AuNPs. Rhamnulose-1-phosphate aldolase (RhuA) was selected as model enzyme for the immobilization onto AuNPs. The enzyme loading was characterized by four different techniques: surface plasmon resonance (SPR) shift and intensity, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). AuNPs-RhuA complexes were further applied as biocatalyst of the aldol addition reaction between dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and (S)-Cbz-alaninal during two reaction cycles. In these conditions, an improved reaction yield and selectivity, together with a fourfold activity enhancement were observed, as compared to soluble RhuA.     

Transparent and conductive thin films of graphene/polyaniline nanocomposites prepared through interfacial polymerization

This communication reports a simple, one-pot procedure for the synthesis and processing of transparent and conductive thin films of graphene/polyaniline nanocomposites based on an interfacial polymerization. Thin films presenting transmittance of 89% and sheet resistance of 60.6 ? sq(-1) are spontaneously obtained and can be easily transferred to suitable substrates.     

Two-, three-, and four-component magnetic multilayer onion nanoparticles based on iron oxides and manganese oxides

Magnetic multilayered, onion-like, heterostructured nanoparticles are interesting model systems for studying magnetic exchange coupling phenomena. In this work, we synthesized heterostructured magnetic nanoparticles composed of two, three, or four components using iron oxide seeds for the subsequent deposition of manganese oxide. The MnO layer was allowed either to passivate fully in air to form an outer layer of Mn(3)O(4) or to oxidize partially to form MnO|Mn(3)O(4) double layers. Through control of the degree of passivation of the seeds, particles with up to four different magnetic layers can be obtained (i.e., FeO|Fe(3)O(4)|MnO|Mn(3)O(4)). Magnetic characterization of the samples confirmed the presence of the different magnetic layers.