Estimation of trace elements in some medicinal plants used in anti‐cancer drugs by PIXE

A trace elemental analysis was carried out in various parts of 12 anticancer medicinal plants, using the PIXE (particle‐induced X‐ray emission) technique. A 3‐MeV proton beam was used to excite the samples, and spectra were recorded using a Si (Li) detector. Data analysis was done using the GUPIX software. The elements Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br and Sr were identified, and their concentrations estimated. The results of the present study provide justification for the usage of these medicinal plants in the development of anticancer drugs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Light-fluorous TEMPO: reagent, spin trap and stable free radical

The synthesis of two light-fluorous TEMPO derivatives is reported, along with their fluorous-organic solvent partition coefficients and their ESR spectra. Applications of the fluorous-TEMPO reagents in oxidation reactions and as radical traps are discussed.     

On the finiteness of a field-theoretic invariant for commutative rings

If T is a (commutative unital) ring extension of a ring R, then Λ(T /R) is defined to be the supremum of the lengths of chains of intermediate fields between R _P /P R _P and T _Q /QT _Q , where Q varies over Spec(T) and P:= Q ∩ R. The invariant σ(R):= sup Λ(T/R), where T varies over all the overrings of R. It is proved that if Λ(S/R)< ∞ for all rings S between R and T, then (R, T) is an INC-pair; and that if (R, T) is an INC-pair such that T is a finite-type R-algebra, then Λ(T/R)< ∞. Consequently, if R is a domain with σ(R) < ∞, then the integral closure of R is a Prüfer domain; and if R is a Noetherian G-domain, then σ(R) < ∞, with examples showing that σ(R) can be any given non-negative integer. Other examples include that of a onedimensional Noetherian locally pseudo-valuation domain R with σ(R)=∞.     

On almost-divided domains

Let B be a domain, Q a maximal ideal of B, π: B → B/Q the canonical surjection, D a subring of B/Q, and A:=π ⁻¹(D). If both B and D are almost-divided domains (resp., n-divided domains), then A = B × _B/Q D is an almost-divided domain (resp., an n-divided domain); the converse holds if B is quasilocal. If 2 ≤ d ≤ ∞, an example is given of an almost-divided domain of Krull dimension d which is not a divided domain.      

Electron spin emission spectra from pairs of radicals

Electron spin emission from both radicals of a pair has been observed. It is demonstrated that it is possible to explain the polarization by the radical pair mechanism if nuclear relaxation is fast enough. The extent of ST_?1 mixing induced by an anisotropic g-factor is deduced.     

A versatile indium trichloride mediated Prins-type reaction to unsaturated heterocycles

A versatile and high-yielding indium trichloride mediated cyclization reaction of silylated homoallylic alcohols, thiols, or amines with aldehydes or epoxides is described as a rapid route to a range of unsaturated heterocycles. The excellent diastereoselectivity observed offers a method of wide scope and generality.     

Search for X(3872) in gammagamma fusion and radiative production at CLEO

We report on a search for the recently reported X(3872) state using 15.1 fb(-1) of e(+)e(-) data taken in the sqrt[s] = 9.46-11.30 GeV region. Separate searches for the production of the X(3872) in untagged gammagamma fusion and e(+)e(-) annihilation following initial state radiation are made by taking advantage of the unique angular correlation between the leptons from the decay J/psi --> l(+)l(-) in X(3872) decay to pi(+)pi(-)J/psi. No signals are observed in either case, and 90% confidence upper limits are established as (2J+1)Gamma(gammagamma)(X(3872))B(X --> pi(+)pi(-)J/psi) < 12.9 eV and Gamma(ee)(X(3872))B(X- -> pi(+)pi(-)J/psi) < 8.3 eV.     

On bowtie rings,universal survival rings and universal lying-over rings

If (R,M) is a quasilocal integral domain of Krull dimension n,?1<n≤∞, and E is the direct sum of denumerably many copies of R/M, then T:=R?E is a reduced n-dimensional universal survival ring which is not a universal lying-over ring. In fact, T is a new kind of such ring, as T is not (isomorphic to) an A+B construction and T is not a ring of continuous real-valued functions. The analysis includes identifying all the prime ideals of T and showing that T is its own total quotient ring and satisfies Property A. The assertion would fail if n=1, as T would be a universal lying-over ring in this case. It is also shown that a (commutative unital) ring A satisfies Property A if and only if each ideal of A that consists only of zero-divisors survives in the complete ring of quotients of A.     

A note on complete rings of quotients and McCoy rings

If a (commutative unital) ring $A$ is reduced and coincides with its total quotient ring, then $A$ satisfies Property A (that is, $A$ is a McCoy ring) if and only if the inclusion of $A$ in its complete ring of quotients $C(A)$ is a survival extension. The ??if?? assertion fails if one deletes the hypothesis that $A$ is reduced. This is shown by using the idealization construction to construct a suitable ring $A$ and then identifying its complete ring of quotients (which turns out to be a related idealization). Related characterizations of von Neumann regular rings are also given with the aid of the going-down property GD of ring extensions. For instance, a ring $A$ is von Neumann regular if and only if $A$ is a reduced McCoy ring that coincides with its total quotient ring such that $A \subseteq C(A)$ satisfies GD.