Bionomic exploitation of a ratio-dependent predator–prey system

The present article deals with the problem of combined harvesting of a Michaelis–Menten-type ratio-dependent predator–prey system. The problem of determining the optimal harvest policy is solved by invoking Pontryagin's Maximum Principle. Dynamic optimization of the harvest policy is studied by taking the combined harvest effort as a dynamic variable. Computer simulations are carried out to illustrate our analytical findings. Biological and bioeconomical interpretations of the results are explained critically.     

Study of Neutron-Rich Hypernuclei by the (π −, K +) Reaction at J-PARC

We are planning to perform an experiment at J-PARC and produce new neutron-rich Λ hypernuclei by using the (π ^?, K ⁺) reaction (J-PARC E10). As the first step, we are planning to produce ${^6_{\Lambda}{\rm H}}$ hypernuclei with a ⁶Li target. To conduct this experiment, we are developing new detectors, those are scintillating fiber tracker, and silicon strip detector, for high rate operation to aim at increasing beam intensity up to 10⁷/spill. As a result of beam test in Jun 2012, we are going to use high-rate beam at least 10⁷/spill.     

Exploiting silver trifluoromethanesulfonate as efficient and reusable catalyst for the synthesis of dihydropyrimidine derivatives under different reaction environments

Different results were generated under different reaction conditions for the multicomponent reactions. Herein, an efficiently improved and mild protocol for the synthesis of dihydropyrimidine derivatives using cheap silver trifluoromethanesulfonate (CF₃SO₃Ag) as reusable catalyst is explained. With conventional heating and microwave irradiation method, the synthesis of substituted 3,4‐dihydropyrimidine‐2(1H)‐one and 3,4‐dihydropyrimidine‐2(1H)‐thione was achieved in different solvent environments like acetonitrile, water, and under solvent free neat condition. Moreover, the solvents (CH₃CN and H₂O) containing the CF₃SO₃Ag were reused for several times without loss of much catalytic activity after separation from the desired products. Thus, the method provides much improved and efficient alternative pathway to the original Biginelli reaction.     

Intercepted-Knoevenagel condensation for the synthesis of unsymmetrical fused-tricyclic 4H-pyrans

4H-Pyrans (4H-Pys) and 1,4-dihydropyridines (1,4-DHPs) are important classes of heterocyclic scaffolds in medicinal chemistry. Herein, an indium(III)-catalyzed one-pot domino reaction for the synthesis of highly functionalized 4H-Pys, and a model of 1,4-DHP is reported. This alternative approach to the challenging Hantzsch 4-component reaction enables the synthesis of fused-tricyclic heterocycles, and the mechanistic studies underline the importance of an intercepted-Knoevenagel adduct to achieve higher chemoselectivity towards these types of unsymmetrical heterocycles.     

Superheavy nuclei and hypernuclei: extending the limits of the nuclear chart

In this study, a tubular radon removal device and a movable one were prepared and investigated. The tubular radon removal device in an air conditioning return air system reduced the radon progeny by more than 84%. The radon progeny concentration reached equilibrium after 4 h when it was used only for a ventilation at the rate of 10 h⁻¹. Radon progeny removal efficiency was above 95% for the movable radon removal device, when the ventilation rate was 17 h⁻¹. The results showed that the radon removal devices can effectively remove the radon progeny in the air.

     

Toward Transition-Metal-Templated Construction of Arylated B4 Chains by Dihydroborane Dehydrocoupling

The reactivity of a diruthenium tetrahydride complex towards three selected dihydroboranes was investigated. The use of [DurBH₂] (Dur=2,3,5,6-Me₄C₆H) and [(Me₃Si)₂NBH₂] led to the formation of bridging borylene complexes of the form [(Cp*RuH)₂BR] (Cp*=C₅Me₅; 1 a : R=Dur; 1 b : R=N(SiMe₃)₂) through oxidative addition of the B−H bonds with concomitant hydrogen liberation. Employing the more electron-deficient dihydroborane [3,5-(CF₃)₂-C₆H₃BH₂] led to the formation of an anionic complex bearing a tetraarylated chain of four boron atoms, namely Li(THF)₄[(Cp*Ru)₂B₄H₅(3,5-(CF₃)₂C₆H₃)₄] ( 4 ), through an unusual, incomplete threefold dehydrocoupling process. A comparative theoretical investigation of the bonding in a simplified model of 4 and the analogous complex nido-[1,2(Cp*Ru)₂(μ-H)B₄H₉] ( I ) indicates that there appear to be no classical σ-bonds between the boron atoms in complex I , whereas in the case of 4 the B₄ chain better resembles a network of three B−B σ bonds, the central bond being significantly weaker than the other two.     

Thermal behaviour and the cone calorimetric analysis of the jute fabric treated in different pH condition

In this paper, the effect of pH, i.e. acid and alkali was investigated on thermal stability of ligno-cellulosic polymeric fibrous (jute) material. The jute fabric was subjected to treatment under different pH, namely 4.5, 7, 10, 12, i.e. in acidic, neutral and alkaline conditions followed by drying prior to any thermal and physical characterization. The improvement in the thermal stability of jute to flame was measured in terms of limiting oxygen index value, vertical flammability and temperature profile of burning zone. Likewise thermo-gravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry and cone calorimeter analysis were also used to elucidate the improvement in thermal stability of the treated fabric. The changes in heat release rate, mass loss rate, heat of combustion, smoke production, etc., in the untreated and treated sample were measured in detail in cone calorimeter. Only the alkali-treated jute fabric samples showed profound improvement in thermal stability.

     

Cosmology with weak lensing surveys

Weak gravitational lensing is responsible for the shearing and magnification of the images of high-redshift sources due to the presence of intervening matter. The distortions are due to fluctuations in the gravitational potential, and are directly related to the distribution of matter and to the geometry and dynamics of the Universe. As a consequence, weak gravitational lensing offers unique possibilities for probing the Dark Matter and Dark Energy in the Universe. In this review, we summarise the theoretical and observational state of the subject, focussing on the statistical aspects of weak lensing, and consider the prospects for weak lensing surveys in the future.     

Chemistry of Diruthenium and Dirhodium Analogues of Pentaborane(9): Synthesis and Characterization of Metal N,S‐Heterocyclic Carbene and B‐Agostic Complexes

Building upon our earlier results on the synthesis of electron‐precise transition‐metal–boron complexes, we continue to investigate the reactivity of pentaborane(9) and tetraborane(10) analogues of ruthenium and rhodium towards thiazolyl and oxazolyl ligands. Thus, mild thermolysis of nido‐[(Cp*RuH)₂B₃H₇] ( 1 ) with 2‐mercaptobenzothiazole (2‐mbtz) and 2‐mercaptobenzoxazole (2‐mboz) led to the isolation of Cp*‐based (Cp*=η⁵‐C₅Me₅) borate complexes 5 a , b [Cp*RuBH₃L] ( 5 a : L=C₇H₄NS₂; 5 b : L=C₇H₄NOS)) and agostic complexes 7 a , b [Cp*RuBH₂(L)₂], ( 7 a : L=C₇H₄NS₂; 7 b : L=C₇H₄NOS). In a similar fashion, a rhodium analogue of pentaborane(9), nido‐[(Cp*Rh)₂B₃H₇] ( 2 ) yielded rhodaboratrane [Cp*RhBH(L)₂], 10 (L=C₇H₄NS₂). Interestingly, when the reaction was performed with an excess of 2‐mbtz, it led to the formation of the first structurally characterized N,S‐heterocyclic rhodium‐carbene complex [(Cp*Rh)(L₂)(1‐benzothiazol‐2‐ylidene)] ( 11 ) (L=C₇H₄NS₂). Furthermore, to evaluate the scope of this new route, we extended this chemistry towards the diruthenium analogue of tetraborane(10), arachno‐[(Cp*RuCO)₂B₂H₆] ( 3 ), in which the metal center possesses different ancillary ligands.