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111.
The cyclization of 1,3-bis-silyl enol ethers or (2,4-dioxobutylidene)triphenylphosphoranes with phthalic dialdehyde allowed a convenient synthesis of a variety of 4,5-benzotropones. The hydrogenation of benzotropones afforded functionalized benzocycloheptanones which were transformed into tricyclic butenolides. 相似文献
112.
Let I = [0, 1], c
1, c
2 ∈ (0, 1) with c
1 < c
2 and f : I⊸I be a continuous map satisfying:
are both strictly increasing and
is strictly decreasing. Let A = {x ∈ [0, c
1]∣f(x) = x},
a=max A, a
1 =max(A\{a}), and B = {x ∈ [c
2, 1]∣f(x) = x}, b=minB, b
1 =min(B\{b}). Then the inverse
limit (I, f) is an arc if and only if one of the following three conditions holds:
(1) If c
1 < f (c
1) ≤ c
2 (resp. c
1 ≤ f (c
2) < c
2), then f has a single fixed point, a period two orbit,
but no points of period greater than two or f has more than one fixed point but no points of other periods, furthermore, if A≠φ and B≠φ, then f (c
2) > a (resp. f (c
1) < b).
(2) If f (c
1) ≤ c
1 (resp. f (c
2) ≥ c
2), then f has more than one fixed point, furthermore, if B≠φ and A\ {a} ≠φ, f (c
2) ≥ a or if a
1 < f (c
2) < a, f
2 (c
2) > f (c
2), (resp. f has more than one fixed point, furthermore, if A≠φ and B\{b}≠φ, f (c
1) ≤ b or if b < f (c
2) < b
1, f
2 (c
1) < f (c
1)).
(3) If f (c
1) > c
2 and f (c
2) < c
1, then f has a single fixed point, a single period two orbit lying in I\(u, v) but no points of period greater than two, where u, v ∈ [c
1, c
2] such that f (u) = c
2 and f (v) = c
1.
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 19961001, No. 60334020) and Outstanding Young Scientist
Research Fund. (No. 60125310) 相似文献
113.
Molality as a unit of measure for expressing 1H MRS brain metabolite concentrations in vivo 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Knight-Scott J Haley AP Rossmiller SR Farace E Mai VM Christopher JM Manning CA Simnad VI Siragy HM 《Magnetic resonance imaging》2003,21(7):787-797
Absolute concentrations of cerebral metabolite in in vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies (1H-MRS) are widely reported in molar units as moles per liter of tissue, or in molal units as moles per kilogram of tissue. Such measurements require external referencing or assumptions as to local water content. To reduce the scan time, avoid assumptions that may be invalid under specific pathologies, and provide a universally accessible referencing procedure, we suggest that metabolite concentrations from 1H-MRS measurements in vivo be reported in molal units as moles per kilogram of tissue water. Using internal water referencing, a two-compartment water model, a simulated brain spectrum for peak identification, and a spectroscopic bi-exponential spin-spin relaxation segmentation technique, we measured the absolute concentrations for the four common 1H brain metabolites: choline (Cho), myo-inositol (mIno), phosphocreatine + creatine (Cr), and N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), in the hippocampal region (n = 26) and along the Sylvian fissure (n = 61) of 35 healthy adults. A stimulated echo localization method (20 ms echo time, 10 ms mixing time, 4 s repetition time) yielded metabolite concentrations, uncorrected for metabolite relaxation or contributions from macromolecule resonances, that were expectantly higher than with molar literature values. Along the Sylvian fissure the average concentrations (coefficient of variation (CV)) in mmoles/kg of tissue water were 17.6 (12%) for NAA, 14.2 (9%) for Cr, 3.6 (13%) for Cho, and 13.2 (15%) for mIno. Respective values for the hippocampal region were 15.7 (20%), 14.7 (16%), 4.6 (19%), and 17.7 (26%). The concentrations of the two regions were significantly different (p = 0.001) for NAA, mIno, and Cho, a trend in agreement with previous studies. All gray matter Sylvian fissure CV values, except for NAA, were also in agreement with previous 1H-MRS gray matter studies. The reduced precision of the NAA concentration was attributed to overlapping signal contributions from glutamate and glutamine (Glx), suggesting that a detailed Glx model is critical for accurate quantitation of the NAA 2.02 ppm resonance. The reduced precision of the measurements in the hippocampal region was attributed to poor spectral resolution. 相似文献
114.
Cao Thi Vi Ba Ha Huy Bang Dang Van Soa 《International Journal of Theoretical Physics》2003,42(8):1781-1786
We propose commutation relations for a single mode -deformed para-Bose oscillator. In this new deformation of para-Bose statistics the distribution function has the same form as in the para-Bose statistics. Furthermore, we show analogies between the coherent states of -deformed and q-deformed para-Bose statistics. 相似文献
115.
Aoyagi Y Saitoh Y Ueno T Horiguchi M Takeya K Williams RM 《The Journal of organic chemistry》2003,68(18):6899-6904
Lipase TL-mediated kinetic resolution of (+/-)-5-benzyloxy-1-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-2-pentanol (5) at low temperature proceeded to give the corresponding (S)-alcohol 5 and (R)-acetate 6 in quantitative yields with high enantiomeric purity. The addition of bases such as pyridine, DMAP, 2,4- and 2,6-lutidines, or triethylamine considerably enhanced the rate of kinetic resolution. The alcohol (S)-5 and the acetate (R)-6 were converted to piperazic acid derivatives (R)- and (S)-3, respectively, via the intramolecular Mitsunobu reaction as a key step. 相似文献
116.
Tran Duc Thiep Truong Thi An Nguyen The Vinh Phan Viet Cuong A. G. Belov O. D. Maslov Trinh Thi Thu My 《Physics of Particles and Nuclei Letters》2007,4(5):397-402
We have carried out the study on the isomeric ratios in (γ,p) photonuclear reactions with isotopes
40
92
Zr and
74
183
W in the giant dipole resonance (GDR) region. The targets were irradiated with bremsstrahlungs produced by electron accelerator
Microtron MT-25 of the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia. Spectra
of the irradiated samples were measured with a spectroscopic system consisting of 8192-channel analyzer CANBERRA and high-energy
resolution semiconductor detector CANBERRA. The results were discussed and compared with those of other authors.
The text was submitted by the authors in English. 相似文献
117.
Ab initio materials design for transparent-conducting-oxide-based new-functional materials 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
H. Katayama-Yoshida K. Sato H. Kizaki H. Funashima I. Hamada T. Fukushima V.A. Dinh M. Toyoda 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2007,89(1):19-27
Based upon ab initio electronic structure calculations for delafossite CuAlO2 and ZnO, we report on the design of new-functional materials for transparent conducting oxides (TCO), such as (i) low-resistive
p-type ZnO and CuAlO2 by co-doping, (ii) high-efficiency thermoelectric power in CuAlO2 (ZT>3) by p-type doping, (iii) half-metallic ferromagnetism in transition-metal-impurity doped CuAlO2 and ZnO-based diluted magnetic semiconductors, and (iv) CaO, MgO, SrO and BaO based DMS without transition metal impurities.
We also discuss the implementation of the self-interaction correction to our materials design method.
PACS 61.72.Bb; 61.72.Jj; 71.15.Mb; 72.15.Jf; 82.75.-d 相似文献
118.
Luong Thuan Thanh Jacques A Ferland Bouazza Elbenani Nguyen Dinh Thuc Van Hien Nguyen 《The Journal of the Operational Research Society》2016,67(1):20-36
In this paper we solve the 0–1 cell formation problem where the number of cells is fixed a priori and where the objective is to maximize the overall efficiency of a production system by grouping together machines providing service to similar parts into a subsystem (denoted cell). Three different methods are introduced and compared numerically. The first local search method is an implementation of simulated annealing (SA) where the definition of the neighbourhood is specific to the application and requires using a diversification and intensification strategies. The second local search method is an adaptive simulated annealing method where the neighbourhood is selected randomly at each iteration. The procedure is adaptive in the sense that the probability of selecting a neighbourhood is updated during the process. The third method is a hybrid method (HM) of a population-based method and a local search method. To improve the solution obtained with HM, we apply a SA method afterward. The best variants are very efficient to solve the 35 benchmark problems commonly used in the literature. 相似文献
119.
本文给出了掺CdSxSe1-x玻璃平面波导分布反馈(DFB)光学双稳器件的设计和制备方法,实现了低功耗、快速的本征光学双稳。 相似文献
120.
Chiral quaternary ammonium salts derived from cinchonidine have been applied to catalyze the stereoselective iodolactonizations of trans-5-aryl-4-pentenoic acids leading to a mixture of two regioselectively iodolactonized products with fair to excellent yield (37-98%) and moderate enantioselectivity (exo = 42.0% ee, endo = 31.0% ee) under mild conditions. This work is the first example of asymmetric iodolactonization reaction in the presence of less than a stoichiometric amount of chiral reagent. 相似文献